Psychology Chapter Three (Test One) – Flashcards

Axon

The electrical charge that exists between the inside and the outside of a neuron when the neuron is neither receiving nor sending

Peripheral Nervous System (What does it consist of?)

Computerized Tomography

Thalamus

Fitness

Fiona puts her hands into a sinkful of lukewarm water; Luke puts his hands into a sinkful of ice-cold water. Based on what is known about neural transmission, you could predict that the action potentials will a-travel more quickly in Luke's system because the stimulus is more intense. b-be weaker in Fiona's system because the stimulus is less intense. c-be the same in both individuals due to the all-or-none principle. d-travel a shorter distance in Luke's system because the stimulus is more intense.

What event causes the release of neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft? a-The arrival of the action potential at the postsynaptic neuron. b-The arrival of the resting potential at the postsynaptic neuron. c-The arrival of the action potential at the terminal buttons. d-The arrival of the resting potential at the terminal buttons.

In Parkinsonism, the tremors, muscular rigidity, and reduced control over voluntary movements appears to be a function of a-damage to glia cells. b-degeneration of neurons that use dopamine as a neurotransmitter. c-agonistic chemical action on the receptor sites of the cerebrum. d-enzymatic deficiency that does not allow for the proper cleanup of waste products in the nervous system.

Monoamines have been associated with all of the following EXCEPT a-aggressive behavior. b-pain reduction. c-schizophrenia. d-depression.

Edmund was walking down a dark street when he heard a car backfire. His heart started to race and he began to perspire in response to this sudden, startling noise. These physical reactions were triggered by Edmund's a-parasympathetic nervous system. b-somatic nervous system. c-sympathetic nervous system. d-cerebellum.

The central nervous system consists of a-the body's sensory and motor neurons. b-the brain and the spinal cord. c-the somatic and autonomic nervous systems. d-the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems.

In carrying out the "fight or flight" response, the role of supervisor is assigned to the a-adrenal gland. b-pituitary gland. c-hypothalamus. d-parasympathetic nervous system.

Amy has lost her senses of sight, hearing, and touch. Her symptoms are found to be caused by pressure applied to the brain by a tumor. Where is the tumor likely to be found? a-cerebrum b-amygdale c-thalamus d-medial forebrain bundle

Olds and Milner (1954) found that rats will endlessly stimulate a pleasure center in the __________ when an electrode is implanted there. a-brainstem b-corpus callosum c-limbic system d-frontal lobe of the occipital cortex

Gilbert suffered a stroke, and even though he has recovered many functions, he finds he is still relatively insensitive to pain signals from his leg. In this case, it is likely that Gilbert's stroke affected his a-parietal lobe. b-frontal lobe. c-temporal lobe. d-occipital.

Some theorists believe that a sort of "executive control system," which is responsible for monitoring, directing, and organizing thought processes, is housed in the a-corpus callosum. b-prefrontal cortex. c-hindbrain. d-medial forebrain bundle.

Which of the following statements concerning plasticity in the brain is FALSE? a-Damage to one area of brain tissue may result in changes in other areas of the brain that compensate for the damage. b-Experience can change the features of brain structures. c-Older brains show more plasticity than younger brains. d-Even adult brains are able to form additional neurons.

If the left hemisphere of the brain were damaged, which part of the body would be MOST directly affected? a-the left half b-the right half c-the upper portion d-the entire body

In both split-brain people and neurologically intact people, the left hemisphere specializes in a-verbal processing. b-visual recognition. c-spatial perception. d-verbal processing and spatial perception.

After inhaling a secret substance, John displays more empathy and is more trusting of others. It is likely that the secret substance contained a-arsenic. b-oxytocin. c-endorphins. d-melatonin.

A ____ contains thousands of ____. a-DNA; genes b-DNA; chromosomes c-chromosome; genes d-gene; chromosomes

Donavon was adopted at birth by Mr. and Mrs. Erndt. Although neither of his biological parents had much musical ability, Donavon has become an excellent pianist, just like Mr. Erndt. This information could be used as evidence to suggest that a-environmental factors have more influence than genetic factors in musical talent. b-both genetic and environmental factors contribute equally to musical talent. c-genetic factors have more influence than environmental factors in musical talent. d-neither genetic nor environmental factors contribute to musical talent.

Schizophrenia may be related to abnormalities in neurotransmitter activity, structural defects in the brain, and genetic vulnerabilities. These observations MOST directly relate to the text's unifying theme that a-behavior is determined by multiple causes. b-psychology is empirical. c-heredity and environment jointly influence behavior. d-behavior is shaped by cultural heritage.

Which of the following statements is MOST accurate? a-Human beings begin life with an insufficient number of synapses. b-Human beings begin life with an overabundance of synapses. c-Synaptic density is associated with intelligence. d-Brain development is only malleable during the first three years of life.