Chapter 14 Health Information Technology: An Applied Approach – Flashcards
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application service provider (ASP)
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a third party service company that delivers, manages, and remotely hosts standardized appliations software via a network through an outsourcing contract based on fxed monthly usage or transaction based pricing
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application software
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software designed to assist a user in performing either a singel task or multiple, related tasks
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artificial intelligence
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high level information technologies used in developing machines that imitate human qualitites such as learning and reasoning
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assembler
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a computer program that translates assembly language instructions into machine language
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assembly language
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a second generation computer programming language that uses simple phrases rather than the complex series of switches used in machine language
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barcode
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machine readable code, appearign as a series of lines, that represents specific information
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bus topology
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type of network design
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business process
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a set of related policies and procedures that are performed step by step to accomplish a business related function
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business to business (B2B)
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transactions between businesses for example, between a wholesaler and a retailer
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business to customer (B2C)
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transactions between businesses and public consumers
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chief information officer
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the senior manager responsible for the overall management of information resources in an organization
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client
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a patient who receives behavioral or mental health services
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cloud computing
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information systems that use the internet to access data
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column/field
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a basic fact within a table, such as Last_Name, First_Name, and date of birth
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communications technology
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computer networks in an information system
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dashboard
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reports of process measures to help leaders know what is currently going on so that they can plan strategically where they want to go next
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data dictionary
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a descriptive lsit of the data elements to be collected in an information system or database whose purpsoe is to ensure consistency of terminology
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data mining
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the process of extracting information from a database and then quantifying and filtering discrete, structured data
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data type
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a technical category of data (text, numbers, currency, date, memo, and link data) that a field in a database can contain
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data warehouse
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a database that makes it possible to access data from multiople databases and combine the results into a singel query and reporting interface
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database
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an organized collection of data, text, references, or pictures ina standardized format, typically stored ina computer system for multiple applications
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database management system (DBMS)
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computer software that enables eh user to create, modify, delete, and view the data in a database
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decision support system (DSS)
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computer based system that gathers data from a variety of sources and assists in providing structure to the data by using various analytical models and visual tools in order to facilitate and improve the ultimate outcome in decision making tasks associated with nonroutine and nonrepetitive problems
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direct cutover conversion
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the abrupt, immediate implementation of a new system to replace an existing system
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e-health
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the application of e-commerce to the healthcare industry, includign electronic data interchange and links among healthcare entities
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encoder
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specialty software used to facilitate the assignment of diagnostic and procedural codes according to the rules of the coding system
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enterprise wide system
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a computer based system that manages the data for all departments of a business
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executive information systems (EIS)
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an information system designed to combine financial and clinical information for use in the management of business affairs of a healthcare organization
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expert system (ES)
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a type of information system that supports the work of professionals engaged in teh development or evaluation of complex activities that require high level knowledge in a well defined and usually limited area
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extranet
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a system of conections of private Internet networks outside an organization's firewall that uses Internet technolgoy to enable collaborative applications among enterprises
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foreign key
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a key attribute used to link one entity/table to another
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graphical user interface (GUI)
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a style of computer interface in which typed commands are replaced by images that represent tasks for exam[ple, small pictures (icons) that represent the tasks, functions, and programs performed by a software program
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hardware
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the machines and media used in an information system
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health information exchange (HIE)
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a plan in which health information is shared among providers
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information systems (IS)
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an automated system that uses computer hardware and software to record, manipulate, store, recover, and disseminate data (that is, a system that receives and processes input and provides output
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information technology (IT)
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computer technology (hardware and software) combined with telecommunications technology (data, image, and voice networks
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inputs
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data entered into a hospital system
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integrity constraints
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limits placed on the data that may be entered into a database
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internet
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an international network of computer servers that provides individual users with communications channels and access to software and information repositories worldwide
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key field
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an explanatory notation that uniquely identifies each row ina database table
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knowledgte management system (KMS)
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a type of system that supports the creations, organization, and dissemination of business or clincial knowledge and expertise to providers, employees, and managers throughout a healthcare enterprise
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language translator
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a software system that translates a program written in a particular computer language into a language that other types of computers can uinderstand
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local area network (LAN)
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a network that connects multiple ocmputer devices via continuous cable within a relatively small geographic area
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machine language
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binary codes made up of zeroes and ones that computers use directly to represent precise storage locations and operations
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mainframe
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a computer architecutre built with a single central processing unit to which dumb terminals and/or personal computers are connected
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management information systems (MIS)
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a computer based system that provides information to a healthcare organziation's managers for use inmaking decisions that affect a variety of day to day activities
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management support information system
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systems that provide informatino primarily to support manager decision making
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mesh topology
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a network in which every device on the network is physically connected to every other device on the same network
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minicomputer
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a small, mainframe computer
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natural language
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a fifth generation computer programming language that uses human language to give people a more natural connection with computers
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network
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a type of information technology that connects different ocmputers and computer systems so they can share information
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network protocol
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a set of conventions that governs the exchange of data between hardware and/or software components ina communciations network
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object
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the basic component in anobject oriented database that inlcudes both data and their relationships within a single structure
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object-oriented database
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a type of database that uses commands that act as small, self-contained instructinal units (objects) that may be combined in various ways
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object relational database
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a type of database (both object oriented and relational that stores both objects and traditioanl tables
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operating system
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processes that are affected by what is going on around them and must adjust as the environment changes
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operation support systems
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an inforamtion system that facilitates teh operational management of a healthcare organization
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outputs
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the outcomes of inputs into the system
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parallel conversion
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a process whereby both an old information technology system and a new IT system run in parallel for a period of time before complegely converting to the new technology
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peripheral
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any hardware device connected to a computer
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phased conversion
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a process whereby separate elements of a new information technolgoy system are implemented over a period of time
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physical topology
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the method by which data flows through a company's network
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primary key
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an explanatory notation that uniquely identifies each row in a database table
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productivity software
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a type of computer software used for word processing spread sheet, and database management applications
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programming language
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a set of words and symbols that allows programmers to tell the computer what operations to follow
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relational database
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a type of database that stores data in predefined tables made up of rows and columns
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ring topology
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a computer circuit/networking arrangement where each computer is connected to two others, forming a signal path in the shape of a ring
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row/record
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a set of columns or a collection of related data items ina table
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screen prototype
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a sketch of the user interface of each screen that is anticipated ina project
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secondary storage
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the permanent storage of data and programson disks or tapes
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sequence diagram
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a systems analysis tool for documenting the interaction between an actor and the information system
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server
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a type of computer that makes it possibel to share information resources across a network of client computers
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software
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a program that directs the hardware components of a computer system to perform the tasks required
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specialty software
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a type of applications software that performs specialized, niche functions such as encoding, or drawing and painting
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star topology
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an information technology structure in which each computer is connected to a central, or hub, computer, through which all information passes
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strategic information systems planning
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a process for setting IS priorities within an organization the process of identifying an dprioritizing IS needs based on teh organization;'s strategic goals with the intent of ensuring that all IS technology intiatives are integrated and aligned with the organization's overall strategic plan
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structured query language (SQL)
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a foruth generation computer language that includes both DDL and DML components and is used to create and manipulate relational databases
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supercomputer
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the largest,, fastest, andmost expensive type of computer that exists today
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system software
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the platform on which all applications reside and function
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telecommunications
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voice and data communications
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transaction processing system (TPS)
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a computer based information system that keeps track of an organization's business transactions through inputs and outputs
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turnkey systems
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a computer application that may be purchased from a vendor and installed without modification or further development by the user organziation
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unified modeling language (UML)
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a program initiated by the National Library of Medicine to build anintelligent, automated system that can udnersatnd biomedical concepts, words, and expressions and their interrelationships
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use case diagram
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a systems analysis technique used to document a software project from a user's perspective
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utility program
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a software program that supports, enhances, or expands existing programs in a computer system, such as virus checking, data recovery, backup, and data compression
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wide area network (WAN)
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a computer network that connects devices across a large geographical area
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wireless network
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any type of computer network that is not connected by cables of any knid
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workstation
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a computer designed to accept data from multiple sources in order to assist in managing information for daily activities and to provide a convenient means of entering data as desired by the user at the point of care
