Principles of Wildlife Management Intro Lecture – Flashcards

- philosophy of Ralph Waldo Emerson (transcendentalist writer-humans should rise above animalistic behavior, embrace spiritual appreciation of nature) and Henry David Thoreau (get out of the city, lives rustically in a cabin and wrote about it, anti-materialism) - nature "temple" sullied by economic activities - political action of John Muir (1838-1914) (founded Sierra Club, influence on formation of national park services) - guides many NGOs (non governmental organizations)

Gifford Pinch (early forester, worked for Vanderbilts to manage forests, basically started US Forest Services, believed that resources should be used by humans dislike 'preservation', coined the term 'conservation' instead)

(early forester, worked for Vanderbilts to manage forests, basically started US Forest Services, believed that resources should be used by humans dislike 'preservation', coined the term 'conservation' instead)

effort of maintaining and using natural resource wisely

- Aldo Leopold (1886-1948) (trained as a forester, wrote first textbook, believed nature was a complicated system 'cogs and wheel') Father of Wildlife Management - Nature complicated and integrated - People "citizen-members" - Co-founded TWS - Organizes The Wilderness Society

(trained as a forester, wrote first textbook, believed nature was a complicated system 'cogs and wheel') *Father of Wildlife Management

Aldo Leopold

- 1978: 1st International Conference on CB - Michael Soule revised textbook - 1986: Society for Conservation Biology formed - 1987: New Journal- Conservation Biology

the applied science of maintaining Earth's biodiversity

- Whatever the state says it is - Non domesticated animals - Native animals and invasive species - *usually wild vertebrates

- no universally accepted definition - original "wild life" - initial focus on game species - extended to non-game birds and mammals - some now consider all wild organs - largely a legal definition today

something living or growing in an original natural state

free ranging, non-domesticated terrestrial and semi-aquati vertebrates in their associated environment * usually doesn't include inverts or fish or marine mammals

"Free living animals of major significance to man"

"Free ranging undomesticated animals in a natural enviornment"

wildlife harvested for sport

wildlife not subject to harvest

- often treated separately - Political: 1940 FDR Bureau of Biological Survey (birds and mammals) Bureau of Fisheries Combined - Wanted: US Wildlife Service - Got: US Fish and Wildlife Services

Habitat/Medium: Fish live in water, Wildlife live on land (more commonly) Mobility: Fish restricted by bodies of water, Wildlife not as much (land) Physiology Oxygen: Fish-limited, Wildlife-not Pollution: Fish are more susceptible Breeding/Reproduction Behavior and Potential: Fish- high, Wildlife- low Growth patterns: Fish-indeterminate, Wildlife-determinate Count/Survey: Fish-biomass/size classes, Wildlife-number of animals Food Chain: Fish:predators, Wildlife:prey (herbivores) Human Perception: Wildlife: Furry Cute Tasty Clever Charismatic Fish: Slimy Wet Smelly Tasty

*single species of a fish or individual *more than one species

Biota, Habitat, Human User

all living organisms: combing flora and fauna

the resources and conditions present in an area that produce occupancy, including survival and reproduction by a given organism

Direct, indirect, consumptive, and non-consumptive users of fishery and wildlife resources

person who contributes to, uses, or directly benefits from a resource

person who uses or manages some aspect of a resource and in doing so affects other aspect of the resource

use of resources that involved removal

use of resources without removing them

manipulation of wildlife populations or habitats to achieve desired goals by people

manipulate populations of animals or enviornemnt

no action taken