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New Urbanism

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Centrally planned communities by companies ie, Celebration, FL

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New Ubranism

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Recreation of the small ideal town.

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Suburban Sprawl / Flight

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Post WWII, families started leaving cities for suburbs.

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Atmospherics

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controlled environments make consumers spend more by appealing to our senses

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Atmospherics

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sight: mannequins, revolving doors, extravagance, colors

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Atmospherics

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sound: musak i.e. elevator music

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Atmospherics

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smell: conscious and unconscious; emotionally evocative

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Atmospherics

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space: saloon architecture (not having a lot of steps so making navigating through a store that much easier), aisle width, bigger counters elicit bigger buys, architecual lines, waiting spaces

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Atmospherics

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tactile: floor texture, temperature

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Gruen Transfer

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the point - go from a goal-oriented shopper to someone who loses direction, sense of purpose and time, and can be acted on by cues of atmospherics

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Gruen Transer

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Turns a directed shopper to a non-directed, impulse buyer

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The Pornographic Gaze

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Built on possession, power over, control

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Women depicted as

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: Fragmented parts, Body parts featured, Women are collections of interchangeable parts, Bound, possessed, Food, Animal, In competition for men

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Objectification

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Symbolically equating people with objects, Objects are subhuman,Economics, provokes quick manufacture of pleasure but at a cost à becomes naturalized, Dehumanization is first step to violence, Rape is the endpoint of this logic

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Green marketing

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Julia Corbett: ads brown not green

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Green marketing

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series of paradoxes

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Green Marketing

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Conflict between green and marketing (advertising has a tough time being green because it is a large apparatus that encourages consumption)

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Green Marketing

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Case study: SUV (pictured in front of pristine landscapes but is wasteful/inefficient)

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"Green" is marketed as a scarce commodity

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must have money to buy it

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Greenwashing

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Falsely painting a commodity or company as environmentally friendly

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Green washing

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"Green" itself is marketed as a scarce commodity, Playing on consumer anxiety of alienation from nature, Conflict between marketing real green products/efforts and greenwashing Example: BP marketing itself as green company ..Changed logo to green sunflower, Push in green marketing more so than green production, BP spill crisis stopped BP's green marketing

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Co-optation

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a response to mall fatigue when people stopped liking to go to the mall because it made them tired

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Co-optation

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people went to warehouse stores instead and outside shopping plazas i.e. present day example would be tanger outlets

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Co-optation

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the rise of theme-towns, commercialized historical districts

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Co-optation

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colonizing "real" places like Times Square

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Co-optation

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co-option created a struggle for control for consumer behavior and resistances

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Minstrel show

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Traveling show in 19th century before radio and tv, Biggest theater group

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Minstrel show

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Whites wore black faces and imitated black people (whites in "blackface")

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Minstrel show

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Whites both producing and consuming blackness. Talking a certain way

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Minstrel show

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Sang negro spirituals or concocted/white version

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Slapstick comedy

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White fascination with black music, dance, Buffoonery, "Jim Crow" and "Jim Coon"

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Response to anti-slavery movement

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1915 Birth of a Nation: racist and fear mongering but is first feature film (silent)

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Response to anti-slavery movement

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1927 "The Jazz Singer"- Minstrel enters Hollywood (first feature film with sound/talkie)

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Response to anti-slavery movement

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1930-50 Amos and Andy

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Theme of returning back to slavery

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Nostalgia for plantation life again, Anti-abolitionist theme

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Second Wave

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Personal is political, societal changes - feminist consciousness enters the mainstream

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Third Wave

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Feminist Chic - a response to second wave feminism, lost political element, female empowerment vs. victimization

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Third wave

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Uses of feminism are often contradictory, Teaches activism through consumerism

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Heteronormativity

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the idea that the way things are and the way things ought to be are heterosexual in nature

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Heternormativity

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Images of gayness are produced and consumed by dominant heterosexual culture

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Food

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Alienation and fetishism, Major innovations of post-war fast food marketing

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Food

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Alienation: We don't know where our food comes from and where our trash goes.

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Architecture and Space

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Migratory trends and city planning after WWII, Architecture of isolation

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Architecture and Space

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No more front porches, they have garages, sidewalks go unused, lack of interaction

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Celebration Florida as case study

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Large scale project by Disney

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Celebration Florida as case study

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Metaphor for a planned corporate community, People wanted to re-urbanize

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Celebration Florida as case study

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Waiting list and lottery to get into, Accouterments of the walking city

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Celebration Florida as case study

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Theme parking life- a particular American fantasy, Like living on the set of Leave it to Beaver

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Celebration Florida as case study

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Private, not public, Disney enforces and makes rules, Not a democratic place, Buildings and logo made to fit in the city, Represents the saturation of the Superbrand: 360 degree brand living, Life everyday of your life in the New Brand

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Relationship between Mall and Town Square

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Tensions of space: privatization, authenticity,Citizen versus consumer, Centrally planned space which is an extension of suburban trends, Surrogate of the lost town square, A private space that is controlled to maximize consumption, Looks like a town square, but functions otherwise,Displaces citizen with consumer

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History of atmospherics

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Uses of the senses, Controlled spaces, Muzak as case study

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Environment and pop culture

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History of environmental movement and relation to marketing

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Corbett's critique of green marketing

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The business of advertising is fundamentally "brown," therefore the idea of advertising being "green" and capable of supporting environmental values is an oxymoron.

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Corbett's critique of green marketing

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Advertising commodifies the natural world and attaches material value to non-material goods, treating natural resources as private and possessible, not public and intrinsic.

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Corbett's critique of green marketing

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Nature-as-backdrop ads portray an anthropocentric, narcissistic relationship to the biotic community and focus on the enviorment's utility and benefit to humans.

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Corbett's critique of green marketing

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Advertising idealizes the natural world and presents a simplified, distorted picture of nature as sublime, simple, and unproblematic.

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Corbett's critique of green marketing

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The depiction of nature in advertising disconnects and estranges us from what is encouraged to reconnect through products, creating a circular consumption.

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Corbett's critique of green marketing

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As a ubiquitous form of pop culture, advertising reinforces consonant messages in the social system and provides strong dissonance to oppositional or alternative messages.

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Paradoxes of the SUV

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been around for a long time, but filled with symbolism, Survivalist, but extravagant- "survival of the fattest", Protective, but dangerous, Seen as the safest, but more likely to flip and takes twice as long to stop.

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Paradoxes of the SUX

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Tame, but wild, "off-road", But few owners actually take them off the road, wasteful, but pictured in pristine landscapes, Statement that goes in the exact opposite direction., example: Chevy commercial: the background is the country, but depicts a big SUV, SUVs try to escape technology, but they also embrace them, being with nature/driving over nature

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Enduring mythologies and tactics used in environmental marketing

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Nature is a frontier of desire - with SUVs we want to travel to places we haven't gone, conflict between manifest destiny and earthly paradise

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Enduring mythologies and tactics used in environmental marketing

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The ad's main role is to substitute "clean" fantasy of consumption to replace "dirty" reality of production and waste.

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Gender and Popular Culture

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Producers and consumers of gendered images, Objectification of female body and types, Role of feminism in advertising, Paradoxes of "girl power", Representation and visibility of minority sexualities in film, television, reality TV

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Race and Hip Hop

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History of hip hop and its entrance into the mainstream, David Samuels' argument about the commodification of blackness, Consumption patterns and changing face of hip hop

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Race and Hip Hop

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Bell Hooks and transgressive consumption, History of the minstrel show and production of blackness, History of white cross-over artist

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New Urbanism

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Corporations build company towns, sell them to people who want to live there

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Suburban Sprawl/flight

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Push to find town square again - "white flight" moving away from the city

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Town square = metaphor for what

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1) chance encounters 2) political activity

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Suburban Sprawl/flight

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political activity (close to City Hall, government institutions), this idea was seen in the TV show Friends (reflection in mass media)

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Suburban Sprawl/flight

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family structure was made about living in the city and being close to people your own age, Architecture of isolation: big yard, big fence to keep neighbors away, garage replaced front porch, car culture: Anywhere where you cannot walk on foot. assembly line done with houses; car becomes available to the masses, reflected in films & television

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Atmospherics (Rushkoff)

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1970s: belief in 100% controlled environment

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Atmospherics

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the "art of consumption:" the building/architecture elicits feeling that causes you to buy

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Atmospherics

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"passive coercion:" studying consumers in store environments, then using research to help stores influence shopping experiences; claims that it's just making the shopping experience more efficient for consumers and merchants

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Green Marketing: Diane Hope Mythologies

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stories that guide thinking behind green marketing, substituting "clean" fantasy of consumption to replace "dirty" reality (but really, all consumption is "dirty"

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green Marketing: Diane Hope Mythologies

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environmental ad fantasy is a response to this economic force, history of "The West" and its image: frontiers of desire

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green Marketing: Diane Hope Mythologies

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conflict between manifest destiny (civilization - the American dream) and earthly paradise (Eden, nature), daily stress vs healing nature, the environment is always going to be "somewhere else". They have to make you feel like you are lacking something so you will consume their product.

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Audience Created Culture

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Why white suburban teens have sudden interest in rogue hero, outlaw, gangster character, Frankfurt: Economic forces tend to produce certain kinds of popular culture that are more profitableCulture reflects fantasies of money source, Buying a social commitment, Samuels says that audience demand creates popular culture

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Second and third wave feminism

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Both waves of feminism have been pushed by women of higher classes (The women that were supporting the 2nd wave were usually the women that didn't have to work because their husbands made enough money and the women of the 3rd wave were only able to support that image because they had the disposable income that makes them able)

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Heteronormativity

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Stereotypes of gay men: artist, clown, effeminate, catty, sex-obsessed, psychopathic.Stereotypes of gay women: either as masculinized threats to men or objects of heterosexual male lust.

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McDonalds

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Grew with Disney. Advertising heavy: selling the intangible (family, America, innovation). Mythic component, fantasy environment. Synergy with entertainment industries (Transformers example). Marketing to parents/kids, Colonizing family life and rituals

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McDonalds

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National Symbol- golden arches golden arches as the idea of mindshare and cultural capital internationalization/nationalism: a way for the U.S. to be "present" in other countries

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Celebration, FL

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Represents the saturation of the Superbrand: 360 degree brand living, Live everyday of your life in the New Brand Power comes from the top-down instead of representatives

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The Mall

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A little celebration everywhere, Citizen versus consumer...ends up displacing citizen with consumer, Centrally planned space which is an extension of suburban trends, A private space that is controlled to maximize consumption, Looks like a town square, it is a surrogate of the town square, but functions otherwise., No first amendment Miniature "celebration"

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Muzak as case study

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1920s-1950s: solution to alienation of the modern work place

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Muzak as case study

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"Threshold of the consciousness" - fills the deadly silences, the idea of stimulus progression, Designed to deaden people, mindless consumers, Response: punk, new wave, grunge, designed to deaden people and turn them into mindless consumers

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Muzak as case study

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shift from workers to consumers, Songs indexed: tempo, light and dark rhythm

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Gender and Popular Culture

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Producers and consumers of gendered images, Image makers are male (4% of films directed by women), Mass media is still highly gendered towards males.

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Gender and pop culture

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Consumer dollars are skewed male, Men have the money and are spending the money, Mediated by the gaze, The "gaze" is something that is invited by the image.

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subject vs. object

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Who is the actor/has the power (subject, usually men), and the object that gets acted on/has no control (typically the woman) hierarchies: wealthy men will be at the top; normally the ones consuming the ad

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