question

When making long-range demographic forecasts - demographers:

answer

Appreciate the likelihood of unanticipated future turns. State that what is anticipated is based on present information. Appreciate the complexity of human demographic systems

question

According to the text, most populations are "closed."

answer

False

question

The Growth rate is the rate at which increase or decrease occurs due to natural increase and net migration.

answer

True

question

A calculation that shows future development when assumptions are made about future fertility, mortality, and migration... hypothetical. This is a:

answer

Population projections

question

Which of the following is NOT true of population "growth"?

answer

Growth is not measured by demographers.

question

The growth equation used most often in demography is:

answer

The balancing equation

question

The four central features of a census are:

answer

simultaneity, periodicity, individuality, universality

question

According to the text, there are a wide variety of surveys that have been repeated over time and serve as major sources of population data.

answer

true

question

Another name for the Ecological Complex model is:

answer

the POET model

question

Sociologists use the Demographic Transition theory to:

answer

Describe the interplay of human fertility and mortality.

question

The four components of the POET model are:

answer

Population, organization, environment, technology

question

Most environmentalists believe that the population can continue to expand indefinitely; that humanity doesn't need to worry about ways to limit increase

answer

false

question

In the POET model, Organization refers to

answer

The structural arrangements of groups.

question

According to the text, most countries of the world appear to have experienced or begun a basic demographic transition.

answer

true

question

Age and sex are the most universally studied dimensions of population composition because:

answer

They change predictably. They are basic to social ascription of roles. They are related to demographic behavior

question

"Representation of the performance of a subset of the population; the TFR is an example because it uses calculations specific to women and child bearing age increments." This is the definition of:

answer

Age-sex specific rates

question

Role ascription to sociologists, means assigning people to roles on the basis of traits over which the individual has no control.

answer

True

question

Societies never use age and sex in ascribing roles.

answer

False

question

Which term is used when the median age of a population increases?

answer

aging of a population

question

According to the text. The likelihood of dying, giving birth, or migrating varies with age and sex.

answer

true

question

According to the text, the problems resulting from age structure in the MDRs are just about opposite of those in the LDRs.

answer

true

question

Ethnicity is based not on biology, but on shared cultural heritage.

answer

true

question

Races are socially constructed categories by which societies set apart people according to various physical traits.

answer

true

question

In the 2000 census, Hispanics numbered more than ______ (12.5 percent of the U.S. population.)

answer

35 million

question

According to the text, in the first decade of this century (in the U.S.) Hispanics were projected to outnumber Blacks as the largest ethnic minority in the country.

answer

true

question

According to the text, in the last half-century (in the U.S.) the "minority' ethnic population (i.e. nonwhites and Hispanic groups) has more than __________ in size.

answer

tripled

question

In U.S. Census Data terms Hispanics may be of any race.

answer

true

question

The revision of the question on race and Hispanic origin was one of the most important changes for Census 2000.

answer

true

question

Life expectancy in North America is more than 20 years greater than expected in poor countries like Africa.

answer

true

question

"The age one dies - length of an individual's life," is the definition given for:

answer

longevity

question

Mortality rates vary across:

answer

Social status Socioeconomic status Age and sex

question

"The sequence of events an individual experiences and the positions he/she occupies as they mature and move through life," is the definition given for:

answer

life course

question

Advances in medicine, specifically immunization, came very early in the mortality transitions of MDRs.

answer

false

question

"The maximum age an individual could reach under optimum conditions," is the definition given for

answer

life span

question

To construct a life table one needs:

answer

A Radix - hypothetical population. The number of people in a population by age distribution (and sex.) Age (and sex) specific death rates.

question

Which of the following led to the term "medicalization?"

answer

understanding the impact of social pathologies. understanding the role of the sick individual. understanding the influence of the societal environment.

question

Medical Sociology is an academic discipline which focuses on:

answer

relationships of systems of health care delivery to other social systems. social functions of health institutions and organization. social facets of health and illness.

question

Disease and disability affect the likelihood of:

answer

marriage, divorce and widowhood. migration. successful childbearing.

question

Many of the issues medical professionals face contemporarily are not necessarily associated with disease.

answer

true

question

Just as there are degrees of illness, there are degrees of health.

answer

True

question

Which researcher found people from communities of higher SES have better health in general than those living in lower SES communities?

answer

robert

question

Which researcher claimed "death is an observable, measurable, and dramatic sign of social inequalities?"

answer

goldscheider

question

fertility is

answer

The incidence of childbearing in a country's population.

question

Leaders of the U.N. efforts of population control have claimed that women with access to school and jobs can decide if, and when to marry, and bear children as a matter of choice.

answer

true

question

Some of the social and cultural changes that have been theorized to support shifts in fertility are:

answer

The increasing role options for women. Improved infant survivorship. The decreased economic value of children.

question

The Total Fertility Rate is the average number of children born per woman throughout her childbearing ages. The TFR in the U.S. in 1800 was 7, in the 1970s it fell below 2.1, which is the rate required to maintain a population at its same level. Which of the following countries is currently below replacement level fertility?

answer

The U.S. and Canada New Zealand Japan and Australia

question

Which of the following researchers did NOT propose a theory of fertility decline in relation to the Demographic Transition theory?

answer

Malthus

question

High-risk pregnancies are pregnancies, which have increased odds of not producing live births due to factors like mothers being too young, too old, having poor health (high blood pressure, diabetes,) pregnancies too closely spaced or too frequent.

answer

true

question

In LDRs almost all of women's fecund years are taken up with childbearing.

answer

true

question

Most populations produce far fewer births than they could if everyone was working at biological capacity.

answer

true

question

Which researcher claimed: ideas, ideology, literacy, and organized assistance led to the fertility transition of 19th century Europe and 20th century less developed countries.

answer

caldwell

question

According to Friedman's Uncertainty Reduction Model:

answer

Essentially people are insecure, and have children to minimize doubt. People desire stability and confidence in the future; having children confers a parental role, which provides structure to future interactions and circumstances, limiting uncertainty. The desire to have children is not related to economic reasons but to minimized uncertainty in life.

question

Only a portion of the U.S. women's fecund years normally are taken up with childbearing.

answer

true

question

Since the mid 1950s both men and women in the U.S. have experienced a steady __________ in the proportion of the population never married.

answer

increase

question

Since the mid 1950s both men and women in the U.S. have experienced a __________ in the proportion married.

answer

decline

question

Why are demographers interested in marriage and householding?

answer

They act collectively to influence the processes of fertility, migration and mortality. They act together to bear children, to move, and to help each other survive. Households, and the families who reside together in them are social units.

question

Since the 1960s, ______ of the population moves across state lines in a five-year period.

answer

10%

question

Location specific capital refers to assets or features specific to a place that are valuable to an individual who lives there rather than somewhere else.

answer

true

question

The study of migration primarily focuses on patterns and processes of human movement questioning:

answer

why, who, when and where

question

No matter how a population is defined, there are only two ways of entering it, and there are only two ways of exiting it.

answer

true

question

Census data tend to provide information about the individual's place of birth, residence five years ago, and current residence. This is particularly problematic for studying repeat migration because much of this migration is sequenced over a few intervals.

answer

true

question

Drawing on economic theory we often view migration as an investment in human capital that entails costs and produces benefits.

answer

true

question

The term selectivity in demographic study relates to characteristics of a group doing a thing or action, different from those not doing that thing or action.

answer

true

question

A key purpose of my own research has been to determine if there are differences in the overall rates of repeat migration for Racial/ethnic groups once other factors are controlled.

answer

true

question

The extensive mobility of Americans implies that migration has become a most important source of demographic change, especially in view of:

answer

the falling fertility rates to american women

question

Since the 1960s, approximately ______ of the population moves across state lines in any given year.

answer

3%

question

Which of the following are examples of location specific capital?

answer

Job seniority Personal knowledge Family and friendships

question

Perhaps the oldest and most central theory associated with human migration is the model of:

answer

push-pull

question

The study of migration is a study of mankind and a phenomenon of present interest to historians, social scientists and specifically Demographers.

answer

true

question

Research comparing the migration of Blacks and Whites in the U.S. suggests there are no differences between age and ethnic groups.

answer

false

question

What some call formal or pure demography focuses on life course processes that change a population's composition: fertility, mortality and migration.

answer

True

question

According to the text, the largest populations of the world are not those with the highest density.

answer

true

question

Which of the following is NOT true of "Probabilities:"

answer

They are the number of one thing relative to another

question

What you believe likely - assumptions considered to yield a realistic picture of probable development of a population - based on actual data. This is a:

answer

Population Forecast

question

Which of the following is not a Census term?

answer

Cohort/Period Measure

question

According to the text, there are a wide variety of surveys that have been repeated over time and serve as major sources of population data. Correct!

answer

True

question

Most environmentalists believe that the population can continue to expand indefinitely; that humanity doesn't need to worry about ways to limit increase.

answer

False

question

A demographic transition is a shift from high fertility and high mortality to low fertility and low mortality.

answer

True

question

Sociologists use the Demographic Transition theory to:

answer

Describe the interplay of human fertility and mortality.

question

According to the text, demographic projections:

answer

assume that present trends will continue.

question

The Sex ratio is the number of men per 1000 women in a population.

answer

False

question

Representation of the performance of a subset of the population; the TFR is an example because it uses calculations specific to women and child bearing age increments." This is the definition of:

answer

Age-sex specific rates

question

According to the text, censuses never make errors in recording the simple aspects of age and sex.

answer

False

question

In the U.S. diversity is not increasing.

answer

False

question

Hispanics and Asian Americans are the fastest growing ethnic groups in the country.

answer

true

question

Which of the following is/are correct in terms of the Censuses Presentation and Comparison of Race and Hispanic Origin Data:

answer

In surveys and censuses, separate questions are asked on Hispanic origin and race. Starting with Census 2000, the question on race asks respondents to report the race or races they consider themselves to be. The federal government treats Hispanic origin and race as separate and distinct concepts.

question

"The maximum age an individual could reach under optimum conditions," is the definition given for:

answer

Life span

question

"The average number years a person would live if mortality trends were to continue," is the definition given for:

answer

Life expectancy

question

Which researcher found Black, Puerto Rican, Mexican, and Central Island Americans are at higher risk (of experiencing Infant Mortality) due to socioeconomic characteristics?

answer

Hummer et al.

question

The 1994 International conference on population and development in Cairo was historic due to:

answer

The role played by women in their participation and deliberations

question

Fertility is:

answer

The incidence of childbearing in a country's population.

question

Fecundity is:

answer

The biological capacity to produce a live birth.

question

Which researcher claimed: the trend toward "controlled fertility" indicated by younger and lower parity women who were acceptors of contraceptives in the National family planning program, supports diffusion hypothesis: diffusion of knowledge and use of contraception.

answer

Hirschman

question

Which of the following is a false statement?

answer

Fertility does not contribute to population growth.

question

Early 19th century differentials in marital fertility were mainly caused by voluntary family size limitation.

answer

False

question

Women who are never-married at the age of _____ are very unlikely ever to marry.

answer

50

question

Questions regarding marriage do not change from census to census.

answer

False

question

People do not migrate if they expect the benefits to outweigh the costs.

answer

False

question

Age and life cycle stages are almost never related to migration patterns.

answer

False

question

In relation to migration, Social Scientists have considered:

answer

the determinants and constraints on migration decision making. the personal characteristics of the mover and his or her propensity to migrate. the social, economic and geographical characteristics of origins and destinations.

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