Chapter 1 (Dev.) – Flashcards
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_______________ brings together a wide range of information on one person.
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The clinical, or case study, method
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The ethnographic method assumes that _________ will allow researchers to understand beliefs and behaviors.
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entering into close contact with a social group.
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In ________, researchers capitalize on opportunities to assign participants randomly to treatment conditions in natural settings.
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NOT correlational studies
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Dr. Stein is conducting a study on individuals who witnessed or lost loved ones in the 2007 mass shooting at Virginia Tech. Dt. Stein finds that individuals who were directly affected by the shooting are far more likely than their peers to report intense fear, anxiety, and depression. This example illustrates
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cohort effects
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The _________ variable is the one the investigator expects to cause changes in another variable.
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NOT coefficient
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Research stimulated by Vygotsky's theory reveals that people in every culture
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NOT rely on heredity for most cognitive growth
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Unlike Piaget's theory, Vygotsky's theory emphasizes the
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NOT evolutionary roots of development
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Vygotsky viewed cognitive development as a socially mediated process that centers around
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assistance from adults and more expert peer as children tackle new challenges
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Which of the following theories seeks to understand the adaptive value of species wide cognitive, emotional, and social competencies as those competencies change with age?
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NOT Vygotsky's sociocultural theory
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The most consistent asset of resilient children is
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a strong bond with a competent, caring adult
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Mara, though born to a homeless mother, has the ability to adapt effectively in the face of threats to development. Mara is a(n) __________ child.
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resilient
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Dr. Sanchez is a researcher who emphasizes plasticity. Dr. Sanchez is likely to believe that
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individual change can occur, especially when it is supported by new experiences
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Dr. Arce is interested in the relative importance of genetic and environmental factors on human development. This is known as the __________ controversy.
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nature-nurture
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The study of human development provides no ultimate truth because
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investigators do not always agree on the meaning of what they see
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Our knowledge of human development is interdisciplinary. What does this mean?
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Individuals from many fields of study have contributed to our knowledge of human development
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Our large storehouse of information about development
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is interdisciplinary
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Following an experiment, Dr. Caspen plans to post participant's names and test scores on the door of their classroom. This violates which of the following research rights?
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privacy
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_________ weigh the costs of proposed research to participants in terms of inconvenience and possibly psychological of physical injury against the study's value for advancing knowledge and improving conditions of life.
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NOT informed consent boards
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In the early 1900s, Alfred Binet's intelligence test sparked tremendous interest in
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individual differences in development
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Darwin's emphasis on ___________ found its way into important developmental theories.
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the adaptive value of physical characteristics and behavior
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A special strength of the psychoanalytic perspective is its
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emphasis on the individual's unique life history as worthy of study and understanding
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_____________ believe that directly observable events are the appropriate focus of study.
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Behaviorists
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The information-processing approach maintains that __________ experiences are critical to
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both early and later
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Sociocultural theorists believe that development is
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both continuous and discontinuous
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Which three theories of human development accept the continuous, but not the discontinuous view of developmental change?
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NOT evolutionary developmental psychology, sociocultural theory, and lifespan perspective NOT psychoanalytic perspective, behaviorism, and cognitive-developmental theory
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Charles Darwin's theories prompted other researchers to study all aspects of children's behavior; therefore, Darwin is considered the forefather of
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scientific child study
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Hall and Gesell launched the __________ approach to the field of child development
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normative
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Which of the following statements about informed consent is true?
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NOT in most cases, researchers need only obtain the child's consent; parental consent is not required NOT The right to informed consent applies to all research participants except young children and the elderly
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Which of the following statements about the use of deception in studies with children is true?
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Children may experience serious emotional consequences after learning they have been deceived.
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_____________ is concerned with the adaptive, or survival, value o behavior and its evolutionary history
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ethology
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Ecological systems theory views the individual as
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both a product and producer of his or her environment
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_______________ influences explain why cohorts tend to be alike in ways that set them apart from people born at other times
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History-graded
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Central to Bandura's social learning theory is the concept of
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modeling
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In stage theories, development is like
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climbing a staircase
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Professor White believes that a child's ability to use language is similar to that of adults, only differing in amount and complexity of her knowledge of words. Professor White endorses a ____________ view of development
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continuous
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Findings on psychological adjustment in adolescent immigrants show that they are __________ likely to _____________ their native-born agemates
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less; be obese than
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Dr. Nadir is conducting a study that includes the use of clinical interviews. Dr. Nadir should be aware that clinical interviews have which of the following major limitations?
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NOT They do not yield the same depth of information as structured interviews NOT participants cannot control the conditions under which they are observed
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Which of the following is an assumption of the lifespan perspective?
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Development is affected by multiple, interacting forces
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Today, the baby boomers are
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financially better off than any previous midlife cohort
