question

when an image demonstrates considerable differences between the densities, the image is described as:

answer

High Contrast

question

radiographic density refers to the:

answer

overall blackness of the film

question

On a basic AP exam of the knee, the central ray should be:

answer

angled 5 degrees cephalad and centered to the inferior margin of the patella

question

On a basic oblique of the foot, the______should be free of superimposition.

answer

Metatarsals

question

There are ______ tarsal bones in the foot.

answer

7

question

When an image demonstrates only a few densities but there are large differences between the adjacent densities, the image is described as having:

answer

Short scale contrast

question

What does it mean to say that radiographic film is "duplitized"?

answer

there is emulsion on both sides of the film

question

Flourescence is responsible for how much of the image on the film?

answer

99%

question

radiographic film is sensative to light, radiation, and all of the following except:

answer

odors

question

Which of the following conditions contribute to increased recorded detail?

answer

small focal spot size, long SID, and short OID

question

The cental ray on an AP lower leg is:

answer

perpendicular to the center of the film entering the midshaft of the tibia

question

In order to better visualize the joint space in the AP projection of the knee, the central ray may be angled 5 degrees:

answer

cephalic

question

This should be seen on the distal femur:

answer

knee joint and distal 3/4 of the femur

question

The standard screen against which others are measured is:

answer

100 RS

question

Which radiographic quality factor can be described as misrepresentation of the size or shape of a structure?

answer

distortion

question

The 2 projections shown below the neck of the femur is called:

answer

greater and lesser trochanter

question

Which part of an intensifying screen absorbs x-ray energy and emits this energy in the form of light?

answer

phosphor layer

question

This screen is twice as fast as a 100 RS screen:

answer

200 RS

question

Which of the following describe the characteristic curve of a film with wide latitude and longer scale contrast?

answer

a more horizontal and wide curve

question

Which of the following is/are shape distortion?

answer

elongation and foreshortening

question

If a radiographic image appears blurred, which exposure factor would be used to correct this problem?

answer

decrease in exposure time (seconds)

question

lateral to the cuneiform bone in the midfoot is the:

answer

cuboid

question

how often should screens be cleaned and inspected?

answer

every 3 months

question

the inverse square law governs the relationship between:

answer

x ray beam intensity and distance

question

the structures that should be seen in a basic toe should include:

answer

all of the above (entire digit, metatarsalphalangeal joint spaces, distal half of the metatarsals)

question

Long scale contrast is

answer

many shades of gray

question

on a lateral knee, the knee should be flexed about:

answer

20-30 degrees

question

both the camp coventry and the holmblad method are used to view what:

answer

intercondylar fossa

question

this projection provides an axial view of the patella:

answer

settegast

question

what is the relationship between film latitude and contrast:

answer

inversely proportional

question

the heel bone is also called the

answer

calcaneus

question

digits 2-5 of the foot have how many bones each?

answer

3

question

in the lower leg AP and lateral views, these structures should be seen:

answer

tibia, fibula, both joints

question

which of the following should you decrease to reduce magnification?

answer

OID

question

the SID affects the:

answer

intensity of the beam

question

this is caused by random distribution of photons and appears as grainy spots on the image:

answer

quantum mottle

question

which structures lies anterior to the distal femur?

answer

patella

question

the lateral bone of the lower leg is the:

answer

fibula

question

on the AP projection of the ankle which of these items must be visible?

answer

lateral malleolus and medial malleolus

question

this is the "ankle bone":

answer

talus

question

the SID for most projections of the lower extremity is:

answer

40 inches

question

the central ray on an AP foot is:

answer

angled 10 degrees cephalic

question

these meet to form the knee:

answer

femoral condyles and the tibial plateau

question

short scale of contrast (high contrast) is produced by:

answer

low kVp

question

the slope of the straight line portion of the sensitometric curve indicates the film's:

answer

contrast and latitude

question

this lies anterior to the distal femur:

answer

patella

question

the steeper the straight line portion of a characteristic curve for a particular film, the

answer

greater the film speed, higher the film contrast, narrower the exposure latitude

question

the patella is a ____bone.

answer

sesamoid

question

contrast is usually controlled by:

answer

kVp

question

which of the following is true regarding the correct positioning of the ankle for a lateral projection:

answer

the CR enters perpendicular to the medial malleolus

question

intensifying screens are designed to:

answer

reduce the amount of exposure

question

what are the two primary types of distortion:

answer

size and shape

question

in the lateral projection of the knee, which of these should not be seen:

answer

femoral neck

question

intercondylar eminences are also called

answer

tibial spines

question

the back of the cassettes has a layer of lead to prevent:

answer

backscatter

question

the prominence that inserts into the acetabulum is the ______of the femur.

answer

head

question

which of these is a function of the cassette:

answer

protect film from exposure to light, prevent film from bending and scratching, hold and protect the intensifying screen

question

contact test mesh is used to

answer

make sure that film/screen contact is adequate

question

what is meant by the term spectral emission?

answer

the color of light emitted by the screen phosphor

question

this is the term used to describe the "unsharp edges" of the body part on the film:

answer

penumbra

question

when comparing two intensifying screens of the same phosphor type, the screen with the smaller phosphor crystals will:

answer

produce a radiographic image with more recorded detail

question

a change from the small focal spot to the large focal spot will result in:

answer

decreased recorded detail

question

which of the following may be caused by poor film/screen contact?

answer

image blur

question

if the radiographic image is overexposed, which of the following changes in exposure factors should be used to correct the problem:

answer

decrease mAs

question

the intertarsal joints are what type of joints?

answer

gliding

question

this lies between the condyles of the femur, posteriorly:

answer

intercondylar fossa

question

the OID is the:

answer

distance from the object to the film

question

if the OID can not be minimized by positioning, magnification can be reduced by doing the following:

answer

increase SID and use small focal spot

question

density is controlled by:

answer

mAs

question

what would be the result of increasing the OID from 2 inches to 4 inches?

answer

greater magnification

question

in the holmblad method, the angle between the femur and the table should be:

answer

70 degrees

question

the central ray on a basic toe exam is

answer

perpendicular to the MP joint

question

the PA projection of the knee is usually done if this is of particular interest

answer

patella

question

on a lateral distal femur the leg should be flexed

answer

30-45 degrees

question

the cental ray using the Sunrise view of the knee is:

answer

angled so that the central ray passes between the patella and the distal femur

question

for an AP of the foot the foot should be situated so that

answer

the plantar surface of the foot is in contact with the cassette

question

on a distal femur view the bottom of the film is placed

answer

1-2 inches below the knee

question

in the holmblad method the angle between the femur and the table should be

answer

70 degrees

question

at what temperature should radiographic film be stored?

answer

50-70 degrees

question

if a films spectral sensitivity is not matched to a screen's spectral emission what is the consequences:

answer

inappropriate matching of film and screen increases the exposure required to produce an image, thus unnecessarily increasing the patients exposure

question

what is the appropriate humidity for proper film storage:

answer

30-50%

question

if an image were made using 500 mA, 0.1 seconds, and 75 kVp what would the mAs be for this exposure:

answer

50 mAs

question

the bone that is proximal to the cuneiforms is the

answer

scaphoid

question

kilovoltage controls

answer

x ray penetration

question

when using a fast screen how would you reduce quantom mottle:

answer

increase exposure time and increase mA

question

what is the knob like protuberance on the anterior surface of the tibia near the proximal end of the shaft.

answer

tibial tuberosity

question

the articular surface of each femoral condyle is cushioned by a C shaped cartilage called the

answer

meniscus

question

the distance between the tube target and the IR is termed:

answer

source image distance

question

what is the proper CR angle and direction for the axial projection of the calcaneus when the ankle is dorsiflexed so that the plantar surface of the foot is perpendicular to the IR?

answer

40 degree cephalic

question

mAs equals

answer

mA x time

question

the apex of the patella is on the proximal end of the patella.

answer

false

question

in a distal femur exam, the bucky should be used.

answer

true

question

the IR and film are the same thing.

answer

true

question

tissue density and radiographic density are essentially the same thing

answer

false

question

film should not be laid flat in storage

answer

true

question

some people have a small sesamoid bone in the back of their knee called the flabella

answer

true

question

the camp coventry method should always be done with a bucky

answer

false

question

the bucky should never be used for a knee film.

answer

false

question

the retropatellar joint space can be seen on an AP knee radiographic

answer

false

question

on the basic lower leg it is preferred to have both joints visible

answer

true

question

the femur is the longest and heaviest bone in the body

answer

true

question

a film that is too dark is said to be overexposed.

answer

true

question

the fibula is larger than the tibia

answer

false

question

the lesser trochanter is inferior to the greater trochanter.

answer

true

question

for the axial view of the calcaneus the ankle must be dorsiflexed as much as possible and held in position.

answer

true

question

what are the parts of the fixer?

answer

clearing agent, hardener, activator, preservative, solvent

question

what does the clearing agent of the fixer do:

answer

dissolves undeveloped silver halide

question

what do the reducing agents of the developer do?

answer

reduces exposed silver halide to black metallic silver

question

how should film be stored?

answer

vertically

question

how would you repair a light leak in the darkroom

answer

replace filter

question

what should the repeat ratio for an experienced operator be?

answer

4% or below

question

what does I AM EXPERT stand for

answer

identification, anatomy, markings, exposure, processing, esthetic quality, radiation safety, troubleshooting

question

what is the protocol for PA wrist

answer

PA, PA LATERAL OBLIQUE, LATERAL

question

what is the protocol for the PA hand

answer

PA, LATERAL OBLIQUE, LATERAL (FAN)

question

what is the protocol for the elbow

answer

AP, LATERAL, AP OBLIQUE MEDIAL ROTATION, AP OBLIQUE LATERAL ROTATION

question

what is the protocol for the forearm

answer

AP, LATERAL

question

the coronal plane is parallel to the IR for the lateral view of the wrist

answer

false

question

the stecher view is done to view what specific anatomy:

answer

scaphoid

question

why would an AP projection of the wrist be done in addition to the routine views

answer

to see the lunate and pisiform

question

what is another name for the tips of the fingers?

answer

ungual tufts

question

what is the protocol for a humerus

answer

AP, LATERAL

question

what is the temperature for the dryer

answer

110 degrees

question

for the lateral scapula what is the rotation of the body

answer

45-60 degrees

question

describe RAO position

answer

facing the bucky and the right side is touching

question

what is seen on the AP pelvis

answer

proximal 4th of the femur and the pelvis

question

what cause chemical fog

answer

contaminated developer, developer too high, film in developer too long (all these above)

question

developer temp in processor

answer

no more than 5 degrees

question

for involuntary motion

answer

decrease exposure time

question

structural mottle is caused by

answer

all of these: crystal thickness, crystal size, and uneven crystal distributions

question

what type of joint is the knee

answer

hinge

question

on a AP hip the feet should be rotated

answer

15-20 degrees medially

question

all of the following factors will result in high density except:

answer

large SID

question

which is not considered a rapid screen

answer

100 RS

question

using the holmblad method for tissue thickness of the distal femur

answer

increase mAs by 50%

question

this is the rounded socket of the hip joint

answer

acetabulum

question

in some states it is required to have a quality control process for the film processor

answer

true

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