Aztec, Maya, Inca, Social Studies 6 – Flashcards
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Aztecs
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farmers
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Maya
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northern Guatamala
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Inca
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South America
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Aztecs
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migrated from the north to Mexico
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Maya
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As trade increased, villages grew
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Inca
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Capital city was Cuzco in Peru
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Aztecs
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Key factor in rise to power was war
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Maya
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in 200, built large cities in Mesoamerica
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Inca
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Pachacuti expanded Inca territory
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Aztecs
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demanded tribute payment
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Maya
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reached height between ad 250 and 900 Located in Central and South America
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Inca
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12 million people
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Aztecs
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vital: cotton, gold, food
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Maya
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cities were linked through trade
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Inca
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pachacuti did not want people he conqured to have too much power
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Aztecs
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Capical city Tenochtitlan
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Maya
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king held highest power, had religious and political power priests, rich merchents, and noble warriors were upper class lowwer class were farmers (most Mayan people)
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Inca
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official language was Quechua
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Aztecs
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made chinampas
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Maya
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lower class had to pay rulers by giving part of their crops and goods
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Inca
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government told everyone what to do and controlled gov.
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Aztecs
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200,000 people at peak
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Maya
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lower class built temples and served in the army
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Inca
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required to work for gov. tend gov. lands make cloth for army
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Aztecs
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emporer
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Maya
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many gods, sun, moon, maise
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Inca
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labor tax system called Mita
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Aztecs
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trusted nobles helped king in every day affairs
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Maya
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god could be helpful or harmful
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Inca
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no merchents or markets
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Aztecs
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trusted nobles were passed down
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Maya
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gods needed blood to prevent disasters or end of the world
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Inca
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government gave them only what the need to survive
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Aztecs
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warriors and priests were below king and nobles
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Maya
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people offered blood by piercing tounge or skin
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Inca
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common people had little personal freedom and not everyone was treated equally
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Aztecs
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farmers and laborers were lower class
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Maya
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made human sacrifices
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Inca
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emperor, gov. officials priests made up upper class
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Aztecs
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slaves at bottom of social structure
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Maya
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studied astronomy and developed 2 calendars
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Inca
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upper class did not have to pay labor tax
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Aztecs
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made 10,000 human sacrifices a year. got people from captives and slaves
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Maya
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first to use zero
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Inca
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did not have slaves
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Aztecs
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made masks from gold, gems, and bright feathers.
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Maya
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made temple pyramids
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Inca
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mountains grew potatoes and raised llamas
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Aztecs
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spanish conquerers (conquistadors)
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Maya
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civilization collapsed in the 900's
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Inca
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thought rulers were related to the sun god and never died
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Aztecs
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thought Hernan Cortez was the god of the sun
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Maya
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reasons died: rebel against kings war not enough food climate change
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Inca
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certain mts rocks and springs had special powers
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Aztecs
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Aztec leader was Moctezuma 2
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Inca
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no written language
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Aztecs
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cortez took moctezuma 2 becuase he wanted gifts and power
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Inca
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tied knots in ropes. knots stood for numbers colors for crops land etc
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Aztec
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moctazuma was killed in fighting
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Inca
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memorizers memorized long poems
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Inca
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wrote stuff down in spanish (conquistidors)
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Inca
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civil war caused death of ruler
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Inca
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Atahulapa and Huasear fought for throne
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Inca
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Atahualpa won war
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Inca
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To win freedom, Atapala filled room with gold and silver
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Inca
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spain defeated them and ruled for 300 yrs
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aqueduct
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A pipe or channel that carries water from a distant source.
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Chinumpas
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Aztec Floating beds for farming. Grew corn squash and beans
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Tenochtitian
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The Aztec capital. Stands on the site of present-day Mexico City.
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maize
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corn.
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subsistance
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producing what you need.
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quipu
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knotted strings on which the Incas recorded information.
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cenus
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an offical count of all people and how they make a living.
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Cuzco
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capital of the Incan empire. Now in Peru Great center for government, trade, religion and learning
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Topa Inca
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Emperor of the Incas, who expanded their empire.
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the emperor, Topa Inca, choose ______ to govern each province.
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nobles
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each noble conducted a _____ so people could be taxed.
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cenus
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the incas did not have a __________________________.
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written language
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used _____ to record information. Colored strings represented a different item and a different sized knot at certain distances represented numbers.
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quipus
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Built more than _______ miles of roads.
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14,000
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Roads were built for ________, ___________, and ______________.
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runners, Incan armies, and trade carvans
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built canals and aqueducts to carry _________.
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water
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An _________ is a pipe or channel that carries water from a distant source.
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aqueduct
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Master builders with stone without the use of ______.
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modern tools
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___________ in Peru, is the most famous Incan ruin.
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Machu Phichu
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Like Aztecs and Mayans, Incas worshiped many gods and praticed _____________.
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human sacrificies
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Incas called themselves ___________________.
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children of the sun.
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The sun god, ____, was their most important god.
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Inti
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Gold was called the ____________________.
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sweat of the gods.
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Most Incan descendants, called the _________________, today live in Peru.
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Quechua
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Only grow enough food for their families. This is called __________________________________.
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subsistance farming
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Pok ta tok
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Maya game like basketball
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Aztec
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Empire in Mexico in 1400s
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Tenochtitlan
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Aztec Capital stands on present day Mexico City
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Tribute
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Aztecs forced conquered peoples to pay taxes in food cotton gold or slaves.
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Aztec Culture
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Huge temples, markets, wide streets, canals, and floating gardens
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Human Sacrifice
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Aztec. Usually slaves
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Aztec Astronomers
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Predicted eclipses and movement of planets. Used knowledge to create calendars.
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Aztec Writing
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Hieroglyphics, similar to Mayas
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Aztec Medicine
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Made more than 1000 medicines from plants
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Aztec Empire Power
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Traders could travel in safety. Traded crops, weapons, tools, luxuries etc.
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What does Maya calendar and great cities tell you about their civilization?
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Highly advanced culture. Able to generate more than enough food, so people could specialize--astronomy. Also large complex cities show great wealth and power.
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Why do Mayas still live in Middle America?
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Unknown. Cities were abandoned in 900 AD, many stayed in region.
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How was Aztec society organized and why was it successful?
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Aggressive Warrior society that heavily punished conquered peoples with taxes. Expanded empire, also protected wealthy and trade routes which expanded empire's power. Emperor ruled over land assisted by nobles
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How did conquered people feel about Aztecs?
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High taxes, enforced slavery, and use of slaves for human sacrifice did not improve relations between Aztecs and conquered people.
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Inca runners
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system of relay runners traveled up to 250 miles daily to spread news through empire.
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Pachacuti
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Ruler of Incas. Means He who shakes the earth Demanded loyalty from people he conquered. If not, forced them off their land.
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Topa Inca
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Pachacuti's son Greatly expanded Inca Empire to 2500 miles, 12 million people
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Incas
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Great farmers, builders and managers
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Inca Government
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Organized and centralized. Emperor chose nobles to govern each province. Census to ensure taxation Crops collected as taxes. Villagers work on gov't building projects. However, elderly taken care of.
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quipus
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knotted strings on which ehey recorded information. Incas did not have any formal writing.
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Inca Roads
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built 14000 miles of roads in mountainous country. Expanded the Empire. Also built bridges to ease travel.
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Aqueduct
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Inca pipe or channel that carries water from a distant source. built by Incas for irrigation
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Inca Buildings
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constructed with stone. Palaces, temples, and fortresses. No modern tools just hammer and chisel.
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Inca Religion
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Worshiped many gods and practices human sacrifice.
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Inti
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Inca sun god. Believed to be their parent and they referred to themselves as "Children of the sun"
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Viracocha
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Inca god. Creator of all the people of the Andes
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Incas
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Conquered by the spanish
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Quechua
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language spoken by the decendants of the Incas who live in present day South America in the Andes isolated from modern life. They live like their ancestors did to keep their culture alive.
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When and Where did the Incas create their empire
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Inca Empire established in the 1400s along the Pacific coast of South America.
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What are the major events in the creation of the Inca Empire in order?
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Incas settle in Cuzco Pachacuti became ruler Topa Inca became emporer, great expansion, roads, temples, population ...
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What are the major achievements of the Inca civilization?
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Known for keeping governement records and great buildings. They made temples, palaces, and aqueducts. Extensive roads (14000 miles), bridges, and aquaducts.
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Why were good road networks and recordkeeping important to he Inca empire
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Efficient travel was critical to getting information to the Inca provinces and back to the emperor. Espeically in the mountainous areas of the empire. In addition, census taking and tax collection was important to keep the empire running efficiently.
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Eurpeans Arrive in the Americas
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In the 1400's Europe started explorations looking for trade routes to Asia.
