SCIENCE HUMAN GENETICS STUDY GUIDE – Flashcards
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Meiosis
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Process that creates sex cells. Consists of 2 cell divisions and results in 4 haploid cells.
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Body Cells
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46-somatic
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Sex cells
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23-meiosis
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diploid
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body cells- complete set of chromosomes
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haploid
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sex cells- half the number of chromosomes
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Female Sex chromosomes
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XX
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Male Sex chromosomes
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XY
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sex-linked trait
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Carried on the X chromosome, are recessive disorders, males are most often afflicted
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Examples of a sex-linked trait
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Hemophilia, Colored Blindness
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Mutagen
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substance that can cause a change in DNA
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examples of a mutagen
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Radiation, chemicals
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4 BLOODTYPE GENES
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A, B, AB, O
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dominant bloodtypes
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A, B
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recessive bloodtypes
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O
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fertilization
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sex cells combine
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protein synthesis
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process of making proteins
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purebred
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homozygous, consists of genes that are the same
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hybrid
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heterozygous, consists of genes that are different
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genotype
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genetic makeup represented by letters
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phenotype
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physical appearance of a trait
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Gregor Mendel
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discovered purebred/hybrid grew pea plants, discovered inheritance patterns discovered dominant and recessive traits
