Child Development Study Guide Chapter 1 – Flashcards
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caregivers
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parent and others who tend to children
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typical behaviors
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ways of acting or responding that are common at each stage of childhood
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stimulation
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activities that arouse a baby's sense of sight, sound, touch, tast, and smell
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sequence
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a step-by-step pattern
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heredity
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the biological transfer of certain inherited characteristics from earlier generations
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environment
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people, places, and thang that surround and influence a person
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human life cycle
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stages in life from birth to death
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developmental task
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challenges that must be met or skills to be acquired in each stage of development
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self-esteem
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self-worth, or the value of people place on themselves
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subjective
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observation relies on personal opinions and feelings, rather than facts
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object
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observation relies on recorded factual information leaves aside personal feelings
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running record
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a method of writing observations in which the observer writes down everything observed about a child or group for a set period of time
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anecdotal record
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an observer's reports of a child's actions, usually concentrating on a specific behabor or area of development
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frequency count
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a tally of hw often a certain behavior occurs
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baselinge
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a count of behaviors an observer makes before any steps are taken to try to change the behavior
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developmental checklist
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challenges that must be met or skells to be acquired during different stages of life
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interpretation
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in observing children, the analysis an observer forms and expresses about what was observed
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confidentiality
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protection of another person's privacy by limitying access to personal information
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Sigmund Freud
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childhood is much more important than previously thought, and its effects are longer lasting
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Jean Piaget
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children must be given learnig tasks appropriate to their level of development
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Lev Vygotsky
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children should be given theopportunity for frequent social interaction
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Erik Erikson
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parents and other caregivers must be aware of , and senstitive to, children's needs at each stage of development and support them trough crises
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B.F. Skinner
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parents and other caregivers can affect a child's behavior through the use of negative and positive feedback
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Albert Bandura
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behavior is learned form the environment thought
