Psychology Ch 4 – Flashcards

Psychologists who argue that the factors influencing attraction are “hard-wired” into us from the earliest days of human existence are called ________ psychologists.

Researchers have discovered that we often are attracted to those with whom we spend a great deal of time. This factor of romantic attraction is called:

Evolutionary psychologists believe that because of the different reproductive challenges experienced by men and women throughout the history of the human race:

Charles Darwin noticed that many species of animals had developed characteristics with no survival value. His theory that these characteristics had evolved to attract a mate is called:

Evolutionary psychology has been criticized most often because it:

Which of the following is a major source of genetic diversity?

Compared with fraternal twins, identical twins are

Premature babies are especially likely to gain weight if stimulated by

Over the past decades, women have been increasingly expected to take responsibility for political leadership. This best illustrates a change in

Displays of self-effacing humility are most characteristic of those who value

Over the last century, Western parents have placed ________ priority on teaching children to respect and obey parents and ________ priority on teaching them loyalty to their country.

Adoptive parents are LEAST likely to influence the ________ of their adopted children.

Concepts of masculinity and femininity that influence our perceptions are called gender

Intense and reactive infants become unusually anxious and aroused when facing new or strange situations. This best illustrates the importance of

The prevalence of genetically predisposed traits that have a reproductive advantage is best explained in terms of

At a business meeting, people from one culture may behave in a hurried and time-conscious manner that people from another culture consider to be rude and inconsiderate. This best illustrates the importance of being sensitive to differing

It has been suggested that older men in all cultures tend to marry women younger than themselves because men are genetically predisposed to seek female features associated with youthful fertility. This suggestion best illustrates

The acquisition of a traditional masculine or feminine role is called

In emphasizing that heredity’s effects on behavior depend on a person’s home environment, psychologists are highlighting the importance of

An organism’s complete set of genetic instructions is called the

Evolutionary psychologists attribute the human tendency to fear snakes and heights to

Identifying some of the specific genes that contribute to alcohol dependence would be of most direct interest to

A single ________ on the ________ chromosome plays a crucial role in the prenatal development of the testes.

The dramatic increase in Americans’ premarital sexual activity over the past half-century best illustrates that sexual behavior is influenced by

If chronic child abuse alters a victim’s gene expression in such a fashion as to facilitate depression and suicide, this would be said to illustrate

Teens who smoke typically have friends who smoke. To avoid overestimating the impact of peer pressure on teens’ smoking habits, it would make the most sense to consider the importance of

Two individuals are most likely to differ in personality if they are

Because he believes that crying is a feminine trait, 14-year-old George has difficulty admitting that a movie makes him tearful. His experience best illustrates the impact of

Traditionally, men were expected to initiate dates and women to select wedding gifts. This best illustrates aspects of

Defining one’s identity in terms of one’s extended family or work group is most closely associated with

Adopted children are especially likely to have similar ________ if raised in the same home.

Heritability refers to the extent to which trait variations among individuals are attributable to their differing

Studies of the relative impact of nature and nurture on human differences in aggressiveness best illustrate the research efforts of

Chromosomes are composed of

Identical twins who have separate placentas are somewhat less similar than identical twins who share a placenta. This best illustrates the influence of ________ on development.

Hormone injections exposing a female embryo to excess testosterone sometimes cause female infants to be born with

Evolutionary psychology studies the evolution of behavior and the mind using principles of

When looking for someone to whom they can confide their personal worries, women usually turn to ________ and men usually turn to ________.

A willingness to switch jobs and move from one part of the country to another best illustrates one of the consequences of

When his mother offered to play leapfrog with him, Jorge protested, “I’m not going to play a girl’s game!” Jorge’s reaction best illustrates the impact of

The genome is the complete

DNA is a complex

Assessing possible links between specific chromosome segments and alcohol dependence would be of greatest interest to a(n)

The study of influences on gene expression that occur without a DNA change is called

An infant boy was raised as a girl following a botched circumcision. During adolescence, the child ________ boys and ________ the assigned female identity.

Compared with women, men are more likely to

The home environment most clearly has a greater influence on children’s ________ than on their ________.

Religious and ethnic diversity are most likely to be appreciated in a culture characterized by

Compared with women, men are ________ likely to feel comfortable about having casual sex with different partners and ________ likely to cite affection as a reason for their first sexual intercourse.

An infant’s temperament refers most directly to its

The invention and transmission of dating and courtship customs best illustrate

a gender role refers to

Girls typically play in ________ groups than do boys and, during their teens, girls spend ________ time with friends than do boys.

Gender differences in verbal fluency are consistent with evidence that part of the

We are likely to ________ the personality similarities among children in the same family, and we are likely to ________ the personality similarities between parents and their children.

Migdalia insists on wearing very feminine-looking outfits because she wants to be treated like a woman. This best illustrates the impact of

People are most likely to notice the impact of environmental influences on behavior when confronted by

Identical twins are most likely to share a similar prenatal environment if they share the same

In agricultural societies, children typically socialize into more distinct gender roles than do children in nomadic societies. This best illustrates that gender-role differences between social groups result from

Social learning theorists emphasize that

Norms are best described as

Professor Assad suggested that a cautious attitude toward sexual encounters has proven to be more reproductively advantageous to women than to men because the birth process is more time-consuming for women than for men. This suggestion best illustrates the logic of a(n) ________ theory of sexual behavior.

An awareness that children’s temperaments influence parents’ child-rearing practices should inhibit our tendency to

Professor Shankar believes that her students’ most important personal characteristics are those that distinguish them as uniquely different from most other people. Her attitude best illustrates one of the consequences of

People have always responded so positively to Alyssa’s good looks that she has developed a socially confident and outgoing personality. This best illustrates

A human sperm cell contains

Compared with many Asian and African parents, today’s Westernized parents are more likely to teach their children to value

Aggression is defined in psychology as

Compared with men, women experience a greater risk of

When Mr. Thompson lived overseas for a year, he was very surprised at how much respect he received from people simply because he was an older person. His sense of surprise suggests that he had NOT previously lived in a culture characterized by

Children tend to organize their worlds into male and female categories. This best illustrates their use of

Evolutionary psychologists would be most likely to predict that

Our adaptive flexibility in responding to different environments contributes to our fitness, which refers to

The study of the relative power and limits of genetic and environmental influences on behavior and personality traits is known as

According to evolutionary psychologists, behaviors that promote reproductive success are likely to be

One form of a gene that regulates the neurotransmitter serotonin contributes to the development of

Failing to understand the norms of the community into which we have recently moved is most likely to contribute to

People living in a culture that promotes collectivism are more likely than those in individualist cultures to report experiencing

Placing ourselves in environments well suited to our existing traits best illustrates

The principle of natural selection was first advanced by