nutrition test vocab – Flashcards
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hypertension
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high blood pressure
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nutrition
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the study of how the body uses the nutrients in food
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complex carbohydrates
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starches and fiber are often called this
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osteoporosis
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a condition resulting from a calcium deficiency, which is characterized by porous, brittle bones
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fat-soluble
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a vitamin that dissolves in fats and can be stored in the fatty tissues of the body
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trace
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a mineral, such as iron or iodine, that is needed in the diet in amounts less that 100 milligrams per day
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anemia
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a condition resulting from defiencies of various nutrients, which is characterized by a reduced number of red blood cells in the bloodstream
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water
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a nutrient required by the body to lubricate the joints and body cells and help regulate body temperature
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digestion
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bodily process of breaking down food into simpler compounds the body can use
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beriberi
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a disease of the nervous system resulting from a thiamin deficiency
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fatty-acid
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a chemical chain containing carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms that is the basic components of all lipids.
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protein
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one of the six basic types of nutrients that is required for growth, repair, and maintenance of every body cell
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pellagra
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a disease resulting from a niacin deficiency
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carbohydrates
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one of the six basic types of nutrients that is the body's chief source of energy
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cholesteral
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a fatlike substance that occurs only in foods of animal origin
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complete
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a protein containing all nine essential amino acids in sufficient amounts
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rickets
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a disease resulting from a vitamin D deficiency
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trans
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a fatty acid with an odd molecular shape that is created in hydrogen oils
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glucose
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a form of sugar carried in the bloodstream for energy use throughout the body
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night blindness
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a condition resulting from a vitamin A defiency
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hydrogenation
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a process used to turn liquid oils into more highly saturated solid fats
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metabolism
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the chemical processes that take place int he cells after the body absorbs nutrients
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deficiency disease
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an illness caused by the lack of a sufficient amount of a sufficient amount of a nutrient
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monounsaturated
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a type of fatty acid that is missing one hydrogen atom
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saliva
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a mucus- and enzyme-containing liquid secreted by the mouth
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amino acid
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one of the 20 types of small units that make up proteins
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fiber
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a complex carb. found in plants, which cannot be digested by humans
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fats
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one of the six basic types of nutrients that are important energy sources
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peristalsis
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waves of contractions of the muscular walls of the digestive tract, which push food throughout the tract
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mineral
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one fo the six basic types of nutrients that is an inorganic substance and becomes part of the bones, soft tissues, and body fluids
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vitamin
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one of the six basic types of nutrientsthat is a complex organic substance needed in small amounts for normal growth, maintenance, and reproduction
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scurvy
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a diesease resulting from a vitamin C defieciency
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nutrient
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a chemical substance in food that helps maintain the body
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absorption
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the process of taking nutrients into the body and making them part of the body
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pem
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a condtition that may result if the diet does not contain enough protein and calories
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goiter
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a visible enlargment of the thyroid gland resulting from an iodine deficiency.
