chap5 – Flashcard
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The heart of operant conditioning is the effect of ______ on behavior
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Consequences
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A police car is a _________ for slowing down
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discriminative stimulus
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The Brelands determined that most Skinnerian behaviorists made the false assumption that
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all responses are equally able to be conditioned to any stimulus
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Khalila decided to try a new dish consisting of rice and tomatoes just as she was coming down with the flu. Now, every time she sees rice or tomatoes, she gets sick to her stomach In this example, Khaliias experience of nausea at the sight of rice or tomatoes exhibits
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conditioned response
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At the end of his first day of kindergarten and the entire week thereafter Jeremiahs teacher exclaimed, "you may all leave, just after the sounding of the bell. On the first day of the second week, Jeremiah immediately left just the bell rang without notice of his teacher. What is the conditioned response?
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Jeremiah left the room after the bell rang.
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The repeated pairing of the NS and UCS is called
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acquisition
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A stimulus that has no effects on the desired response is a
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Neutral Stimulus
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______ occurs when an organism learns to respond to different stimuli in different ways.
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Stimulus Discrimination
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Four elements of learning
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attention. memory, imitation, desire
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The learning/performance distinction is a kind of
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latent learning
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Bandura found that consequences
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do matter in motivating a person to imitate a model
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In toilet training a cat, "Lid up seat down" is known in operant condition as
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preparing the training arena
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The mental events that take place inside a persons mind while behaving are known as
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cognition
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which of the following is a feature of storage stage of memory
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holding information just long enough to work with it
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the information processing model assumes that the length of time a memory will be remembered depends on
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the stage of memory in which it is stored
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the ________ assumes how long a memory will be remembered depends on the stage of memory in which its stored
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information processing model
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Kevin was in a study room during which he was shown a photo of a man with straight hair. Later, he was asked if he noticed the mans curly hair. Kevin was then convinced that the man in the photo has curly hair. Example of?
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The misinformation effect
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Carl is able to remember the names of the first three presidents before he begins to have difficulty. This is
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The primary effect
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Information that enters long-term memory by automatic encoding
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requires little or no effect to retrieve
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You walk into a room and know that theres something you need but in order to remember it, you have to go back into the room you started in and use your surroundings. This illustrates
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the importance of retrieval cues in memory
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Ebbinghaus found that forgetting
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is greatest just after learning
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Long term memories may be inaccessible because
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of interference
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In order to remember the short list of groceries her mother gave to her, Denever repeated the list to herself over and over again until she got all the items from the stored. The method of memorizing the list involved the process of
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Maintenance rehearsal
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Short term memory tends to be encoded primarily in
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auditory form
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You know the name of the first president without much thought. this is
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semantic memory
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It is extremely difficult to bring ______ into consciousness
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Implicit Memory
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Visual sensory memory is known as
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Iconic memory
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People who believe that aliens have come to earth may disregard evidence that crop circles are human-made. This is an example of
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confirmation bias
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A useful heuristic that works much of the time is
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Working backward from the goal
