Question 1

Which term refers to all the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating?

Accepted Answer

cognition

Question 2

Professor Pegler\'s research efforts focus on how the use of heuristics influences the way people assess financial risks. Which specialty area does his research best represent?

Accepted Answer

cognitive psychology

Question 3

Cognitive psychologists are most directly concerned with the study of

Accepted Answer

thinking

Question 4

Professor Thompson\'s research focuses on the impact of prototypes on the speed of object recognition and identification. Which specialty area does this research best represent?

Accepted Answer

cognitive psychology

Question 5

When we use the word automobile to refer to a category of transport vehicles, we are using this word as a(n)

Accepted Answer

concept.

Question 6

By dividing broad concepts into increasingly smaller and detailed subgroupings, we create

Accepted Answer

category hierarchies

Question 7

In the process of classifying objects, people are especially likely to make use of

Accepted Answer

prototypes

Question 8

When we use the term Hispanic to refer to a category of people, we are using this word as a(n)

Accepted Answer

concept

Question 9

A best example of a category of objects, events, or people is called a(n)

Accepted Answer

prototype.

Question 10

Prototypes are especially important in the process of

Accepted Answer

classifying objects

Question 11

A prototype is a

Accepted Answer

best example of a particular category.

Question 12

When someone mentions Ivy League colleges, Trisha immediately thinks of Harvard University. In this instance, Harvard University is a

Accepted Answer

prototype.

Question 13

To promote cognitive efficiency, concepts are often organized into

Accepted Answer

category hierarchies

Question 14

Christmas is to holiday as ________ is to ________.

Accepted Answer

prototype; category

Question 15

When someone mentions hamburgers, Trisha immediately thinks of McDonald\'s. In this instance, McDonald\'s is a

Accepted Answer

prototype

Question 16

Most people take less time to identify a cow as a mammal than a mouse as a mammal because a cow more closely resembles their mammal

Accepted Answer

prototype.

Question 17

With which of the following statements will people typically agree most quickly?

Accepted Answer

A robin is a bird

Question 18

After identifying an ethnically mixed face as Asian rather than as Caucasian, Belgian students recalled the face as more closely resembling their ________ of an Asian face.

Accepted Answer

prototype

Question 19

Which of the following best exemplifies the prototype for the concept furniture?

Accepted Answer

chair

Question 20

Which of the following are we likely to recognize first as belonging to the category mammal?

Accepted Answer

humans

Question 21

People more easily detect male prejudice against women than female prejudice against men because the former more closely resembles their prejudice

Accepted Answer

prototype

Question 22

Eva had difficulty recognizing that a sea horse was a fish because it did not closely resemble her fish

Accepted Answer

prototype.

Question 23

People are likely to take less time to recognize a woman as a nurse than a man as a nurse because a woman more closely resembles their nurse

Accepted Answer

prototype.

Question 24

Kevin did not know whether the locker room was located down the short hallway to his right or down the long hallway to his left. Crossing his fingers, he decided to try the short hallway. His problem strategy best illustrates

Accepted Answer

trial and error.

Question 25

In testing thousands of different materials for use as lightbulb filaments, Thomas Edison best illustrated a problem-solving approach known as

Accepted Answer

trial and error

Question 26

An algorithm is a

Accepted Answer

methodical step-by-step procedure for solving problems.

Question 27

Logical, methodical step-by-step procedures for solving problems are called

Accepted Answer

algorithms.

Question 28

A chess-playing computer program that routinely calculates all possible outcomes of all possible game moves best illustrates problem solving by means of

Accepted Answer

an algorithm

Question 29

Jamilla systematically tried each successive key on her dad\'s key ring until she found the one that unlocked his office door. This best illustrates problem solving by means of

Accepted Answer

an algorithm.

Question 30

Simple thinking strategies that allow us to solve problems and make judgments efficiently are called

Accepted Answer

heuristics

Question 31

Heuristics are

Accepted Answer

simple thinking strategies for solving problems quickly and efficiently

Question 32

In trying to solve a potentially complicated problem quickly, we are most likely to rely on

Accepted Answer

heuristics

Question 33

In trying to figure out how to copy and paste an item into a document, Arlene could try all possible key combinations or she could check the pull-down menus, a much faster way to solve her problem. Arlene is relying on

Accepted Answer

heuristics

Question 34

Anika resisted changing her answer to a test question after reminding herself that it\'s always best to stick with your first answer. Anika\'s decision best illustrates the use of

Accepted Answer

a heuristic.

Question 35

The use of heuristics rather than algorithms is most likely to

Accepted Answer

save time in arriving at solutions to problems.

Question 36

A sudden realization of the solution to a problem is called

Accepted Answer

insight

Question 37

The sudden comprehension of the double meaning of a humorous pun best illustrates

Accepted Answer

insight

Question 38

As he attempted to spell the word receive, Tim reminded himself i before e except after c.  Tim\'s self-reminder best illustrates the use of

Accepted Answer

a heuristic

Question 39

After spending two hours trying to solve an engineering problem, Amira finally gave up. As she was trying to fall asleep that night, a solution to the problem popped into her head. Amira\'s experience best illustrates

Accepted Answer

insight

Question 40

Unlike the use of algorithms or heuristics, insight does not involve

Accepted Answer

strategy-based solutions

Question 41

Ashelle\'s car would not start. To find the problem she decided to go alphabetically through the repair checklist of all possible reasons the car will not start. Ashelle\'s strategy best demonstrates

Accepted Answer

an algorithm

Question 42

In one experiment, Wolfgang KÃ¶hler watched an ape suddenly solve a problem of reaching bananas hanging from the ceiling by stacking and climbing up a number of crates. Which of the following did KÃ¶hler conclude the ape used in problem solving?

Accepted Answer

insight

Question 43

Research participants were asked to identify a word that could be associated meaningfully with each of three other words. Solutions that occurred with sudden insight were accompanied by a burst of activity in the brain\'s ________ lobe.

Accepted Answer

right temporal

Question 44

Generating multiple possible answers to a problem illustrates

Accepted Answer

divergent thinking

Question 45

Injury to the left ________ lobe damages the convergent thinking required for successful performance on intelligence tests.

Accepted Answer

parietal

Question 46

Injury to certain areas of the ________ lobes can destroy imagination while leaving reading, writing, and arithmetic skills intact

Accepted Answer

frontal

Question 47

Generating the single correct answer to an intelligence test question illustrates

Accepted Answer

convergent thinking

Question 48

Daniel was asked to write down as many words as he could think of that contained the letter d. To complete this task Daniel would rely on

Accepted Answer

divergent thinking.

Question 49

Scotty worked to find the solution to a long-division problem. In solving the problem, Scotty would engage in

Accepted Answer

convergent thinking.

Question 50

Intrinsic motivation is thought to be an important component of

Accepted Answer

creativity

Question 51

The components of creativity include

Accepted Answer

expertise and a venturesome personality.

Question 52

Whenever Arlo reminded himself that his musical skills could earn him fame and fortune, he became less creative in his musical performance. This best illustrates that creativity may be inhibited by

Accepted Answer

extrinsic motivation.

Question 53

The most creative scientists are those who

Accepted Answer

are intrinsically motivated to solve problems.

Question 54

People have a tendency to search for information that supports their preconceptions. What do psychologists call this tendency?

Accepted Answer

confirmation bias

Question 55

The confirmation bias refers to the tendency to

Accepted Answer

search for information that supports our preconceptions.

Question 56

The tendency to search for information consistent with our preconceptions is called

Accepted Answer

confirmation bias

Question 57

Because she believes that boys are naughtier than girls, Mrs. Zumpano, a second-grade teacher, watches boys more closely than she watches girls for any signs of misbehavior. Mrs. Zumpano\'s surveillance strategy best illustratesBecause she believes that boys are naughtier than girls, Mrs. Zumpano, a second-grade teacher, watches boys more closely than she watches girls for any signs of misbehavior. Mrs. Zumpano\'s surveillance strategy best illustrates

Accepted Answer

confirmation bias

Question 58

University students were asked to figure out the rule used to devise the three-number sequence 2-4-6. After generating sets of three numbers to learn whether their sets met the rule, they typically convinced themselves of the wrong rule. Their errors best illustrated the impact of

Accepted Answer

confirmation bias.

Question 59

Jahmal cites his cousin Luana\'s many car accidents as evidence that women are worse drivers than men. He overlooks the fact that his wife and three daughters have had far fewer car accidents than he and his two sons. Jahmal\'s prejudicial conclusion about women\'s driving skills best illustrates the effects of

Accepted Answer

confirmation bias

Question 60

Business managers are more likely to track the career achievements of those they once hired than the accomplishments of those they once rejected. This best illustrates

Accepted Answer

confirmation bias.

Question 61

Myra has such low self-esteem that she typically expects critical comments about her appearance and behavior. Myra\'s behavior best illustrates the dangers of

Accepted Answer

confirmation bias

Question 62

Scientists are trained to carefully observe and record any research outcomes that are inconsistent with their hypotheses. This practice most directly serves to reduce

Accepted Answer

confirmation bias.

Question 63

The inability to take a new perspective on a problem is called

Accepted Answer

a fixation

Question 64

Brainstorming sessions that encourage people to spontaneously suggest new and unusual solutions to a problem are designed to avoid

Accepted Answer

fixations.

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