Volcano Studyguide Chapter 7 – Flashcards
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volcano
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A weak spot in the earths crust where magma has come to the surface
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magma
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The molten mixture of rock-forming substances, gases, and water from the mantle
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lava
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Liquid magma that reaches the surface, also the rock formed when magma hardens
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ring of fire
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A major belt of volcanoes that rims the pacific ocean
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island arc
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A string of islands formed by the volcanoes along a deep ocean trench
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hot spot
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An area where magma from deep within the mantle melts through the crust above it
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element
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A substance in which all the atoms are the same that cannot be broken down into other substances
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viscosity
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A liquids resistance to flowing
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compound
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A substance in which two or more elements are chemically joined
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silica
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A material found in magma that is formed from the element oxygen and silicon
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physical property
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Any charetiristic of a substance that can be observed without changing the composition of the substance
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chemical property
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Any property of a substance that produces a change in the composition of matter
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aa
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A slow moving type of lava that hardens to form rough chunks, cooler than pahoehoe
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pahoehoe
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A hot fast moving type of lava that hardens to form smooth ropelike coils
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magma chamber
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The pocket beneath a volcano where magma collects
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pipe
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A long tube through which magma moves form the magma chamber to the earths surface
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vent
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The opening through which molten rock and gas leave a volcano
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lava flow
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The area covered by lava as it pours out of a volcanoes vent
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crater
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A bowl shaped area that forms around a volcanoes central opening, a large round pit caused by the impact of the meteroid
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pyroclastic flow
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The expulsion of ash, cinders, bombs and gases during an explosive volcanic eruption
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dormant
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A volcano that is not currently active but that may become active in the future
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extinct
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A volcano that is no longer active and is unlikely to erupt again
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shield volcano
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A wide gently sloping mountain made of layers of lava and formed by quiet eruptions
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composite volcano
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A tall cone shaped mountain im which layers of lava alternate with layers of ash and other volcanic material
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cinder cone volcano
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A steep cone shaped hill or small mountain made of volcanic ash, cinders, ande bombs piled up around the volcanoes opening
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caldera
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The large hole at the top of a volcano formed when the roof of a volcanoes magma chamber collapses
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volcanic neck
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A deposit of hardened magam in a volcanoes pipe
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dike
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A slab of volcanic rock formed when magma forces itself across rock layers
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sill
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A slab of volcanic rock formed when magma squeezes between layers of rock
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batholith
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A mass of rock formed when a large body of magma cools inside the crust
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geothermal activity
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The heating of underground water by magma.
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geyser
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A fountain of water and steam that build up pressure underground and erupts at regualr intervals.
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Where do volcanic belts form?
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Volcanic plates form around the boundaries of Earths plates
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A volcanoe forms above _________ when magma erupts through the the crust and reaches the surface
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Hot spot
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These properties can be used to idenitify a substance and predict how it will behave
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Physical property, chemical property
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Because liquids differ in viscosity
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Some liquids flow easier than others
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The viscosity of magma depends on its?
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Silica content and temperature
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What causes magma to flow or explode out of the vent during a volcanic eruption?
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The force of the expanding gases push magma through the pipe until it explodes our flows out of the vent
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Geologists classify volcanoes as?
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Quiet or explosive
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Geologists use what terms to describe volcanoes stages of activity
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Active, dormant and extinct
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Volcanic eruptions creat landforms made of
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Lava, ash and other materials
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Volcanic eruptions can form what landforms
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Shield volcano, cindercone volcano, composite volcano, and lava plateaus
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Volcanic eruptions can form what features
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Volcanic necks, sills, dikes, batholiths and dome mountains
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What geothermal activity are found in present or past volcanic activity areas
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Hot springs and geysers
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Is a planet where the atmosphere is so thick that it traps a lot of heat
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Venus
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A planet where the atmoshpere is to thin and is very cold
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Mars
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One of the most volcanic places on Earth, resembles what the Earth would be like 5 million years
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Northern Island of New Zealand
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Has large volcanoes that are along a rift
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Ethoipia
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Under Iceland is a plume of molten material that formed the island itself, mid atlantic ridge
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Iceland
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There are many earthquakes in The Himalayas that can make the mountains grow by up to 16 feet
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The Himalayas
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Home to some of the oldest lifeforms on the planet called stralatomites, they dominated Earth for 2 billion years
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Shark Bay, Western Australia
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Europa is a frozend moon of Jupiter that could have been like Earth.
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Europa
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Home to some of the rarest and oldest fossils in the world.
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South Australia
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Was a violent eruption in 1980 that was ripped apart by subduction
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Mt St Helens
