Biology Chapter 10 study guide – Flashcards
Flashcard maker : Ben Russell
Why would a cell limit its size?
– the bigger the cell gets, the more pressure it puts on the DNA
– the bigger the cell is the less efficient it is in moving nutrients and waste materials across its cell membrane
– the bigger the cell is the less efficient it is in moving nutrients and waste materials across its cell membrane
How does a cell limit it’s size?
Before a cell gets to be too big, it splits and forms 2 daughter cells.
Explain the surface area to volume ratio in terms of importance for a cell to conduct procedures.
a. A smaller cell has a larger surface area to volume ratio and the larger the surface area to volume ratio is, the more efficiently materials can be moved through the cell membrane.
Before the cell divides, the cell makes a copy of it’s ___________.
DNA
The cell that is made through cell division is called the _________ cell.
daughter
Where do prokaryotes house their DNA?
In the cytoplasm
What does prokaryote DNA look like-what is its shape?
it looks like a round pill
Prokaryotes, such as bacteria reproduce asexually through __________.
binary fission
What happens during the G1 phase of interphase
– cells do most of their growing
– synthesize of new proteins and organelles
– synthesize of new proteins and organelles
Cell division is also known as _______.
Mitosis
What happens during the S phase of interphase?
– the “s” stands for synthesis
– DNA is synthesized when the chromosomes are replicated
– By the end it contains twice as much DNA as it did in the beginning
– DNA is synthesized when the chromosomes are replicated
– By the end it contains twice as much DNA as it did in the beginning
The division of the cytoplasm is called ________.
cytokensis
What happens during the G2 phase of interphase?
– shortest phase
– organelles and molecules required for cell division are produced
– organelles and molecules required for cell division are produced
The area where each pair of sister chromatins are joined together is called __________.
centromere
Structures that responsible for producing for producing and organizing the spindles.
centrioles
Prophase is the first phase of mitosis. What happens during this phase?
– it is the longest phase
– it duplicates chromosomes so they condense and become visible
– Centrioles move to the opposite sides of the nucleus and spindles
– it duplicates chromosomes so they condense and become visible
– Centrioles move to the opposite sides of the nucleus and spindles
The cell cycle is controlled by ________ both inside and outside the cell.
regulatory proteins
Metaphase is the second phase of mitosis. What happens during this phase?
– the centromeres of the duplicated chromosomes lines up across the center of the cell
– spindle fibers connect the centromere of each chromosome to the 2 poles
– spindle fibers connect the centromere of each chromosome to the 2 poles
A family of proteins that regulate the timing of the cell cycle in eukaryotic cells are known as _________.
cyclins
Proteins that respond to events inside a cell are known as ____a_____, while the proteins that respond to events. outside a cell are known as ____b____
a) internal regulators
b) external regulators
b) external regulators
Anaphase is the third phase of mitosis. What happens during this phase?
the centromeres are pulled apart and the chromatids separate into two groups tear the poles of the spindle
What causes cancer?
a defect in the genes that regulate cell growth and division. Some sources of cell defects such as smoking or chewing tobacco
______ are external regulators that stimulate growth and cell division, such as embryological development and healing.
growth factors
This process plays a role in development by shaping the structure of tissues and organs in plants and animals.
Apoptosis
When cells lose the abiliy to control cell growth, a disorder known as _____ can occur.
cancer
Telephase is the last phase of mitosis. What happens during this phase?
– Chromosomes spread out in a tangle of chromatin
– The spindle breaks apart and a nucleus become visible in each daughter nucleus
– The spindle breaks apart and a nucleus become visible in each daughter nucleus
When cells divide uncontrollably, a mass of cells called a ________ can form
tumor
Why is there a difference in the process of cytokinesis between plants and animals?
because plants have a cell wall
List three ways cancer can be treated?
– radiation therapy
– kimo therapy
– surgery
– kimo therapy
– surgery
What are the two types of tumors that can form? Explain the differences between the two.
– benign tumor: non-cancerous but it could affect if it grows to large and presses on an organ
– malignant tumor: invades and destroys healthy tissue
– malignant tumor: invades and destroys healthy tissue
