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Progressive Movement

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A movement the aimed to return control of the government to the people: restore economic opportunities & correct injustices

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Muckraker

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Journalist who exposed corruption and other problems of the late 1800's and early 1900's

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"The Jungle"

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The book about meatpacking inustry, Expose on the filthy conditions in the Chicago slaughterhouses, which caught many people's attentions about unsanitary conditions in the meat industry.

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Meat Inspection Act

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Required strict cleanliness requirements for meat packers and created a program of federal meat inspection. It came about in 1906 as a result of president Roosevelt reading Upton Sinclair's The Jungle. Roosevelt appointed a commission of experts. To investigate the meat packing industry. Then the commission issued a report backing up Sinclair's account of the disgusting conditions in the industry.

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Pure Food and Drug Act

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Forbade the manufacture or sale of mislabeled or adulterated food or drugs, it gave the government broad powers to ensure the safety and efficacy of drugs in order to abolish the "patent" drug trade. Still in existence as the FDA.

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Triangle Shirtwaist Fire

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More than 146 workers died. The owners locked the doors to keep out union organizers and so workers couldn't steal. People started jumping out of the windows it was so bad. The owners were tried for man slaughter but they were found not guilty. After this many laws were made to make working conditions safer.

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Civil Service

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All federal jobs except elected offices and those in the military

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Political Corruption

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Business tycoons and Robber Barons who did favors or bribed workers and immigrants to get votes to stay in power. William "Boss" Tweed was an example.

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Political Bosses

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Powerful politician who controls work done locally and demands payoffs from businesses

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Primary

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A preliminary election where delegates or candidates are chosen

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Initiative

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Procedure whereby a certain number of voters may, by petition, propose a law or constitutional amendment and have it submitted to the voters

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Referendum

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Process by which people vote directly on a bill

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Recall

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The act of removing an official by petition

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16th Amendment

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Passed in 1913, gave Congress the power to tax income.

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17th Amendment

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Passed in 1913, this amendment to the Constitution calls for the direct election of senators by the voters instead of their election by state legislatures.

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18th Amendment

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Prohibited the manufacture, sale, and distribution of alcoholic beverages

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19th Amendment

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Passed in 1920, extended the right to vote to women in federal or state elections.

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Gilded Age

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1870s - 1890s; time period looked good on the outside, despite the corrupt politics & growing gap between the rich & poor

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ICC

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Interstate Commerce Commission, a federal regulatory agency that governed over the rules and regulations of the railroading industry.

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Minimum Wage

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The lowest price that an employer can pay a worker for an hour of labor

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Child Labor

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Children were viewed as laborers throughout the 19th century. Many children worked on farms, small businesses, mills and factories. This was banned by President Taft.

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Hepburn Act

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This law used the Interstate Commerce Commission to regulate the maximum charge that railroads to place on shipping goods.

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Trust Buster

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People who worked to improve the United States reform by breaking up unfair business.

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Trust

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A combination of firms or corporations formed by a legal agreement, especially to reduce competition and disguise any signs of a monopoly from the government.

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Monopoly

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One corporation controls all of the business of a product in an area.

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Sherman Antitrust Act

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First federal action against monopolies, it was signed into law and was extensively used by Theodore Roosevelt for trust-busting. However, it was initially misused against labor unions

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Socialism

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An economic system based on state ownership of capital

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Temperance

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Abstinence from alcohol self-control moderation

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Prohibition

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A law forbidding the sale of alcoholic beverages

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Women's Suffrage

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The women's rebellion for the right to vote

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NAACP

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National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, founded in 1909 to work for racial equality. Created by W.E.B Du Bois, who wanted to follow through in his protesting plan to gain African American rights.

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Bull Moose Party

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The Republicans were badly split in the 1912 election, so Roosevelt broke away forming his own Progressive Party. His loss led to the election of Democratic nominee Woodrow Wilson, but he gained more third party votes than ever before.

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Jacob Riis

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Early 1900's muckraker who exposed social and political evils in the U.S. with his novel "How The Other Half Lives"; exposed the poor conditions of the poor tenements in NYC

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Upton Sinclair

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Muckraker who shocked the nation when he published "The Jungle", a novel that revealed gruesome details about the meat packing industry in Chicago.

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Ida Tarbell

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Muckraker who targeted the unfair practices of big business. Her articles about the Standard Oil company led to demands for tighter controls on trust.

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Robert Lafollette

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Three term governor of Wisconsin, then U.S. Senator in 1906, he was one of the earliest proponents of Progressive Reform.

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Theodore Roosevelt

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26th president, known for: conservationism, trust-busting, Hepburn Act, safe food regulations, "Square Deal," Panama Canal, Great White Fleet, Nobel Peace Prize for negotiation of peace in Russo-Japanese War

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W.H. Taft

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27th President of the United States of America, 1909-1913; continued progressive reforms of President Theodore Roosevelt; promoted "dollar diplomacy" to expand foreign investments

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Woodrow Wilson

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28th president of the United States, known for creating Federal Reserve, Federal Trade Commission, Clayton Antitrust Act, progressive income tax, lower tariffs, women's suffrage (reluctantly), Treaty of Versailles, sought 14 points post-war plan, League of Nations (but failed to win U.S. ratification), won Nobel Peace Prize (not to mention he was totally racist, mkkk?)

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Booker T. Washington

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African American progressive who supported segregation and demanded that African American better themselves individually to achieve equality.

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W.E.B Du Bois

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Believed that African Americans should strive for full rights immediatly;founded the NAACP

Unit 22 Progressive Era Study Guide – Flashcards

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