Medication Aide Questions – Flashcards
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hemoglobin
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substance in red blood cells that carries oxygen and gives it color
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barbiturates
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butabarbital (Butisol), mephobarbital (Mebaral), pentobarbital (Nembutal), phenobarbital (Luminal, Solfoton), secobarbital (Seconal) SE: hangover, sedation, excitement, restlessness, confusion, allergic reactions
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benzodiazepines (sedation/hypnosis)
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estazolam (ProSom), flurazpam (Dalmane), lorazepam (Ativan), quazepam (Doral), temazepam (Restoril), triazolam (Halcion) SE: confusion, agitation, hallucinations, amnesia, liver toxicity
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analgesic
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a drug that relieves pain
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euphoria
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an exaggerated feeling or state of physical or mental well-being
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fatty oxidase enzyme inhibitor
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a drug that reduces the oxygen needed by myocardial cells to cause muscle contractions
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MI
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myocardial infarction
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mm Hg
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millimeters of mercury
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vulnerable adult
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a person 18 or older who has a disability or condition that makes them at risk to be wounded, attacked, or damaged
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ulcer
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a shallow or deep crater-like sore of a mucous membrane
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tablet
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a dried, powdered drug compressed into a small disk
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capsule
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gelatin container that holds a drug in a dried, powdered or liquid form
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diabetes
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a disorder in which the body cannot produce or use insulin properly
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coating agents
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drugs that form a substance that adheres to the crater of an ulcer
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aldosterone
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a substance that causes the kidneys to retain sodium
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absorption
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the process by which a drug is transferred from its site of body entry to circulating fluids for distribution
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adrenergic blocking agent
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a drug that inhibits adrenergic effects
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anti-dysrhythmic agents
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drugs used to prevent or correct abnormal heart rhythms
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battery
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touching a person's body without their consent
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angiotensin
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a substance that causes vaso-constriction, increased blood pressure, and the release of aldosterone
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alopecia
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hair loss
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IM
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intramuscular
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IV
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intravanous
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mg
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milligram
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defamation
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injuring a person's name and reputation by making false statements to a third person
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false imprisonment
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unlawful restraint or restriction of a person's freedom of movement
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tort
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a wrong committed against a person or the person's property
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HIPAA
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health insurance protability and accountability act
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DNR
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do not resuscitate
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OBRA
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omnibus budget reconciliation act
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boundary crossing
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a brief act or behavior outside of the helpful zone
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boundary signs
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acts, behaviors, or thoughts that warn of boundary crossing or violation
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boundary violation
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an act of behavior that meets your needs, not the person's
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nurse practice act
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the law that regulates nursing practice in a state
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six rights
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right person, right drug, right time, right route, right dose, right documentation
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right person
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1 of 6
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right drug
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2 of 6
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right time
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3 of 6
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right route
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4 of 6
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right dose
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5 of 6
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right documentation
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6 of 6
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person who gives the first dose of a newly ordered drug
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RN, LPN, or charge nurse
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CMA cannot
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accept verbal or telephone orders
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CMA
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is under the supervision of a RN, LPN, or charge nurse
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NCSBN
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national council of state boards of nursing
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5 rights of delegation
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right task, right circumstances, right person, right supervision, right directions and communication
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Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act
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determines the safety and effectiveness of drugs before marketing; ensure that manufacturers meet labeling requirements; ensure advertising standards are met when manufacturers market drugs
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Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act
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serves to control the manufacturing, distributing, and dispensing of certain drugs
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OSHA
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occupational safety and health administration
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MDS
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minimum data sheet
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NANDA-I
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north american nursing diagnosis association international
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nursing process
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evaluation, assessment, nursing diagnosis, planning, implementation
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subjective data
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things a person tells you about that you cannot observe through your senses; symptoms
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objective data
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information that is seen, heard, felt, or smelled by an observer; signs
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best site for measuring blood glucose
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ring finger
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peristalsis
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involuntary muscle contractions in the digestive system that move food down the esophagus through the alimentary canal
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organ
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groups of tissues with the same function
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artery
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a blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart
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capillary
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a tiny blood vessel
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vein
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a blood vessel that returns blood back to the heart
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tissue
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a group of cells with similar functions
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system
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organs that work together to perform special functions
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CNS
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central nervous system
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epidermis
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outer layer of skin
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immune system
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protects body from disease and infection
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anaphylaxis
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a severe, life-threatening sensitivity to an antigen
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dilute
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add the correct amount of water or other liquid
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drug blood level
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amount of a drug present in the blood
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drug interaction
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the action of one drug is altered by the action of another drug
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generic name
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a drug's common name
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idiosyncratic reaction
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something unusual or abnormal that happens when a drug is first given
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parenteral route
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drugs bypass the GI tract
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percutaneous route
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drugs given through the skin or mucous membrane
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placebo
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a drug dosage form that had no active ingredients
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reconstitute
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to add water or other liquid to a powder or solid form of a drug
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side effect
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and unintended reaction to a drug given in a normal dosage
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subcutaneous
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beneath the skin
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toxicity
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exposure to large amounts of a substance that should not cause problems in smaller amounts; the reaction when side effects are severe
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trademark
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the brand name or trade name of the drug
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urticaria
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hives; raised, irregularly shaped patches on the skin and severe itching
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distribution
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the way drugs are transported by circulating body fluids to the sites of action and to the sites of metabolism and excretion
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metabolism
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process by which the body in-activates drugs
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excretion
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the elimination of a drug from the body
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OD
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right eye
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OS
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left eye
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OU
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both eyes
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AU
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both ears
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AS
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left ear
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AD
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right ear
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ac
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before meals
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gtt
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drop
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pc
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after meals
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STAT
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immediately
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tid
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three times a day
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1 cup
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8oz; 240cc
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1 teaspoon
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5ml
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1 oz
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30cc
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drug diversion
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taking a person's drugs for your own use
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NDC
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national drug code
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ISMP
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institute for safe medication practices
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wash your hands
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easiest most important way to prevent spread of infection
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buccal
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inside the cheek
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elixir
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a clear liquid made up of a drug dissolved in alcohol and water
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emulsion
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an oral dose form containing small droplets of water-in-oil or oil-in-water
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lavage
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washing out the stomach
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lozenge
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a flat disk containing a medicinal agent with a flavored base
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sublingual
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under the tongue
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suspension
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a liquid containing solid drug particles
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syrup
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an oral dose form containing a drug dissolved in sugar
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cream
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a semi-solid emulsion containing a drug
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lotion
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a watery preparation containing suspended particles
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ointment
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a semi-solid containing a drug in an oily base
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powder
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a finely ground drug in a talc base
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transdermal
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through the skin
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topical
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applied to the skin
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cerumen
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ear wax
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otic
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pertains to the ear
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ophthalmic
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pertains to the eye
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suppository
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a cone-shaped, solid drug that is inserted into a body opening; melts at body temperature
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adrenergic fibers
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nerve endings that release norepinephrine
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agonist
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a drug that acts on a certain type of cell to produce a predictable response
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anti-cholinergic agent
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a drug that blocks or inhibits cholinergic activity
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barbiturate
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a drug that depresses the CNS, respirations, blood pressure, and temp
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cholinergic fibers
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nerve endings that release acetylcholine
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homeostasis
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a constant internal environment
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hypnotic
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a drug that produces sleep
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inhibitor
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a drug that prevents or restricts a certain action
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neurotransmitter
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a chemical substance that transmits nerve impulses
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sedative
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a drug that quiets the person; gives a feeling of relaxation and rest
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synapse
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the junction between one neuron and the next
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adrenergic agents
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albuteral (Proventil, Ventolin), ephedrine, metaproternenol (Alupent), phenylephrine (Neo-Synephrine), terbutaline (Brethine, Bricanyl) side effects:tachycardia, skin flushing, dizziness, tremors, ortho hypotension, angina, nausea/vomiting
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beta-adrenergic blocking agents
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acebutolol (Sectral), atenolol (Tenormin), betaxolol (Kerlone), bisoprolol (Zebeta), carteolol (Cartrol), carvedilol (Coreg), labetalol (Normodyne, Trandate), metoprolol (Lopressor, Toprol XL), nadolo (Corgard), penbutolo (Levatol), pindolo (Visken), propranolo (Inderal), sotalol (Betapace), timolol (Blocadren) SE: bradycardia, peripheral vaso-constriction, bronch-spasm, hypoglycemia, ^ edema
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cholinergic agents
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ambenonium (Mytelase), Bethanechol (Urecholine), guanidine (Guanidine), neostigmine (Prodtigmin), pilocarpine (Isopto Carpine, Pilocar, Adsorbocarpine), pyridostigmine (Mestinon) SE: n/v/d, hypotension, broncho-spasm, bradycardia
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anti-cholinergic agents
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atropine (Atropine Sulfate), belladonna (Belladonna tincture), dicyclomine (Bentyl, Antispas, Dibent), glycopyrrolate (Robinul), mepenzolate (Cantil), propantheline (Pro-Banthine) SE:blurred vision, constipation, urine retention, dryness of mouth, confusion, depression, nightmares, hallucinations, ortho hypotension, dysrythmias
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drugs affecting the autonomic nervous system
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adrenergic agents, alph- and beta-adrenergic blocking agents, cholinergic agents, anti-cholinergic agents
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sedative-hypnotic drugs
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barbiturates, benzodiazepines, non-barbiturate, non-benzodiazepine sedative-hypnotic agents
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non-barbiturate, non-benzodiazepine sedative-hypnotic agents
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chloral hydrate (Aquachloral), diphenhydramine (Benadryl), doxylamin (Unisom), eszopiclone (Lunesta), paraldehyde (Paral), ramelteon (Rozerem), zaleplon (Sonata), zolpidem (Ambien, Ambien CR) SE: hangover, sedation, restlessness, anxiety, excitement, confusion
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drugs used for Parkinson's disease
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amantadine hydrochloride (Symmetrel), bromocriptine mesylate (Parlodel), carbidopa (Sinemet), levodopa (Parcopa), pramipexole (Mirapex), ropinirole (Requip), entacapone (Comtan, Stalevo), benztropine mesylate (Cogentin), orphenadrine citrate (Banflex, Norflex)
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drugs used to treat alzheimer's disease
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donepezil (Aricept), memantine (Namenda), galantamine (Razadyne), rivastigmine (Exelon)
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MOAI
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monoamine oxidase inhibitor SE: ortho hypotension, drowsiness, restlessness, agitation, insomnia, blurred vision, constipation, hypertension LAST DOSE @ 1800
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SSRI
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selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitor SE: restlessness, agitation, anxiety, insomnia, sedative effects, GI effects, suicidal actions LAST DOSE @ 1800
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TCA
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tri-cyclic anti-depressant SE:blurred vision, constipation, urine retention, ortho hypotension, tremors, numbness, tingling, Parkinson-like , tachycardia, seizures, suicidal
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benzodiazepines for anxiety
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alprazolam (Xanax, Niravam), chlordiazepoxide (Librium), clorazepate (Tranxene), diazepam (Valium), lorazepam (Ativan), oxazepam (Serax) SE:drowsiness, hangover, sedation, ortho hypotension, excessive use/abuse, n/v, jaundice
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other anti-anxiety agents
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buspirone (BuSpar) insomnia, nervousness, light headedness, slurred speech (Luvox) fluvoxamine, hydroxyzine (Vistaril, Atarax) blurred vision, constipation, dryness of mouth, sedation, dizziness, slurred speech
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MAOIs for anti-depressants
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phenelzine (Nardil), tranylcpromine (Parnate), isocarboxazid (Marplan), selegiline (Emsam)
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tri-cyclic anti-depressant
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amitriptyline (Elavil), amoxapine, clomipramine, (Anafranil), desipramine (Norpramin), doxepin (Sinequan), imipramine (Tofranil), nortripyline (Aventyl, Pamelor), protriptyline (Vivacil), trimipramine (Surmontil)
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SSRIs for anti-depressants
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citlalopram (Celexa), duloxetine (Cymbalta), escitalopram (Lexapro), fluoxetine (Prozac), fluvoxamine (Luvox), paroxetine (Paxil), sertraline (Zoloft)
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other anti-depressants
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bupropion hydrochloride (Wellbutrin) gi upsets, restlessness/ agitation/ anxiety/ insomnia, seizures, suicidal. maprotiline. mirtazapine (Remeron). nefazodone. trazodone hydrochloride (Desyrel) venlafaxine (Effexor)
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anti-manic agents
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lithium carbonate (Eskalith, Lithane) SE: n/v/abdominal cramps, excess thirst/urination, progressive fatigue, wight gain GIVE WITH FOOD/MILK
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anti-psychotic agents
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block dopamine in the brain SE: fatigue, drowsiness, ortho hypotension, blurred vision, constipation, dry mouth, seizures,
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drugs used for psychoses
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chlorpromazine (Thorazine), fluphenazine (Prolixin), perphenazine, prochorperazine (Compazine), thioridazine, trifluoperazine, thiothixene (Navane), haloperidol (Haldol), loxapine (Loxitane), molindone (Moban), aripiprazole (Abilify), clozapine (Clozaril), olanzapine (Zyprexa), quetiapine (Seroquel), risperidone (Risperdal), ziprasidone (Geodon)
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drugs for alcohol rehab
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acamprosate (Campral) diarrhea, suicidal] disulfiram (Antabuse) drowsiness, fatigue, headache, impotence, metallic taste, n/v/jaundice, hives/itching
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anti-convulsants
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drugs used to prevent or reduce seizures
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epilepsy
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a brain disorder in which clusters of nerve cells sometimes signal abnormally
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seizure
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violent and sudden sontractions or tremors of muscle groups; convulsion
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benzodiazepines used for anti-convulsants
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clonazepam (Klonopin), clorazepate (Tranxene), diazepam (Valium)
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hydantoins used for anti-convulsants
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ethotoin (Peganone), phenytoin (Dilantin) SE: n/v/indigestion, confusion, gum over-growth, hyperglycemia GIVE WITH FOOD/MILK
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succinimides used for anti-convulsants
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ethosuximide (Zarontin), methsuximide (Celontin) SE: n/v/indigestion GIVE WITH FOOD/MILK
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other anti-convulsants
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carbamazepine (Tegretol), gabapentin (Neurontin), lamotrigine (Lamictal), levetiracetam (Keppra), oxcarbazepine (Trileptal), phenobarbital (Luminal), primidone (Mysoline), tiagabine (Gabitril), topiramate (Topamax), valproic acid (Depakene), zonisaminde (Zonegran)
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MAR
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medication administration record
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NSAID
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non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
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opiate agonists used for pain
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codeine (Codeine Sulfate, Phosphate), hydromorphone (Dilaudid), levorphanol (Levo-Dromoran), morphine (Roxanol, Morphine Sulfate, MS Contin), oxycodone (Roxicodone, Oxycontin, Percodan), oxymorphone (Numorphan), fentanyl (Actiq, Duragesic), meperidine (Demerol), methadone (Methadone, Dolophine), tramadol (Ultram)
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salicylates used for pain
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aspirin (Zorprin, ASA, Empirin), choline salicylate (Arthropan), diflunisal (Dolobid), magnesium salicylate (Magan, Mobidin), salsalate (Salsitab Artha-G), sodium salicylate (Sodium Salicylate)
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NSAIDs used to reduce pain, inflammation, & fever
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celecoxib (Celebrex), diclofenac (Cataflam, Voltaren), etodolac (Lodine), fenoprofen (Nalfon), flurbiprofen (Ansaid), ibuprofen (Motrin, Advil), indomethacin (Indocin), naproxen (Naprosyn), naproxen sodium (Anaprox)
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selected analgesic combo products used for pain
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Anacin Tablets, Anacin Max Strength, BC Powder, Darvocet-N 50/100, Darvon Compound-65, Empirin Codeine, Excedrin Extra-Strength, Fioricet, Fiorinal w/ codiene, Lortab, Percocet, Percodan, Percogesic, Talwin Compound, Tylenol w/ codeine, Vicodin
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cholesterol
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a waxy, fat-like substance found in all body cells
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dyslipidemia
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an abnormality of one or more otht he blood fats
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hyperlipidemia
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excess lipids in the blood
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lipids
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fats
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triglycerides
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fatty compounds that come from animal and vegetable fats
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CAD
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coronary artery disease
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HDL
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high-density lipo-protein
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LDL
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low-density lipo-protein
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bile acid-binding resins
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interrupt the normal circulation of bile acids b/t liver & intestines cholestyramine (Questran), colestipol (Colestid), colesevelam (Welchol) GIVE WITH FOOD other drugs are given 1hr before or 4 hrs after
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Niacin
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is B3 -limits the liver's ability to produce LDL
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Statins
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strongest anti-lipemic block enzyme in the liver that produce cholesterol atorvastatin (Lipitor), fluvastatin (Lescol), lovastatin (Mevacor, Altoprev), pravastatin (Pravachol), rosuvastatin (Crestor), simvastatin (Zocor),pravastatin-aspirin (Pravigard PAC)
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Fibric acids
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lower triglyceride & LDL levels, used for people who have not responded to weight loss, diet therapy or other anti-lipemic drugs; gemfibrozil (Lopid), fenofibrate (Tricor)
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other anti-lipemic drugs
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ezetimibe (Zetia), Omacor (fish oils)
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renin
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an enzyme that effects blood pressure; vaso-constriction, sodium retention
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diuretic
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a drug that promotes the formation and excretion of urine -reduce amount of extra-cellular fluid, promote sodium excretion, cause vaso-dilation of peripheral arterioles
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cardiac output
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the amount of blood pumped with each heartbeat
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blood pressure
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the amount of force exerted against the walls of an artery by the blood
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angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors for hypertension
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benazepril (Lotensin), captopril (Capoten), enalapril (Vasotec), fosinopril (Monopril), lisinopril (Prinivil, Zesteril), moexipril (Univasc), perindopril (Aceon), quinapril (Accupril), ramipril (Altace), trandolapril (Mavik) SE: swelling of the face, eyes, lips, tounge, chronic dry nonproductive, persistent cough
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angiotensin II receptor blockers used for hypertension
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candesartan (Atacand), eprosartan (Teveten), irbesartan (Avapro), losartan (Cozaar), olmesartan (Benicar), telmisartan (Micardis), valsartan (Diovan)
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calcium ion antagonists used for hypertension
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amlodipine (Norvasc), diltiazem (Cardizem), felodipine (Plendil), isradipine (DynaCirc), nicardipine (Cardene), nifedipine (Procardia), nisoldipine (Sular), verapamil (Calan, Isoptin)
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Alpha-1 Adrenergic blocking agents used for hypertension
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doxazosin (Cardura), prazosin (Minipress), terazosin (Hytrin)
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arrhythmia
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without a rthythm
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hemorrheologic agent
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a drug that prevents the clumping of red blood cells and platelets
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inotropic agents
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drugs that stimulate the heart to increase the force of contractions
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intermittent claudication
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a pain pattern usually described as aching, cramping, tightness, or weakness in the calves usually during walking
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platelet aggregation inhibitor
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a drug that prevents platelets from clumping together and causes vaso-dilation
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PVD
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peripheral vascular disease
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CHF
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congestive heart failure
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nitrates used to treat angina
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amyl nitrite, isosorbide dinitrate (Isordil), isosorbide mononitrate (Monoket, ISMO Imdur), nitroglycerin (Nitrostat, Nitrong, Nitro-Bid, Nitrogard, Nitro-Dur, Nitrolingual)
