Medical Terminology – Chapter 20 – Flashcards
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Abduction
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Movement away from the midline of the body.
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Adduction
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Movement toward the midline of the body.
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Angiogram
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X-ray image of blood vessels after injecting contrast material into the vessels.
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Anteroposterior
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In this AP x-ray view, x-rays travel from an anteriorly placed source to a posteriorly placed detector (x-ray beam passes from the front to the back of the body).
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Arthrography
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Process of x-ray imaging a joint after injecting contrast into the joint.
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Bone scan
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A radioactive (technetium-99m) phosphate compound is injected intravenously and bones are scanned for evidence of tumors.
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Cholangiography
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Process of x-ray imaging bile ducts after injecting contrast into the bile ducts.
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Cineradiography
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Use of motion picture techniques to record a series of x-ray images.
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Computed tomography
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Use of x-ray equipment and a computer to create multiple views of organs, including cross-sectional or axial images.
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Contrast studies
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Material (contrast media) is injected into vessels and organs to obtain contrast with surrounding tissues when viewed on x-ray and other images.
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Echocardiography
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Sound waves are used to image the structure of the heart.
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Eversion
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Turning outward.
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Extension
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Lengthening or straightening a flexed limb.
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Flexion
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Bending a part of the body.
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Fluorescence
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Emission of glowing light that results from exposure to and absorption of radiation from x-rays.
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Fluoroscopy
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Process of using x-rays to produce an image on a fluorescent screen.
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Gallium scan
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Radioisotope (gallium 67) is injected intravenously and has an affinity for tumors and other lesions.
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Gamma camera
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Machine to detect gamma rays given off by radiopharmaceuticals (radioactive compounds) during scanning for diagnostic purposes.
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Gamma rays
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High-energy rays emitted by radioactive substances in tracer studies.
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Half-life
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Time required for a radioactive substance to lose half its radioactivity by disintegration.
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Hysterosalpingography
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X-ray record of the endometrial cavity and fallopian tubes is obtained after injection of contrast material through the vagina and into the endocervical canal.
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Hysterosonogram
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Saline solution is injected through a catheter inserted through the vagina and into the endocervical canal to distend the uterine cavity, which is then examined by ultrasound.
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Interventional radiology
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Therapeutic procedures performed by a radiologist.
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Inversion
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Turning inward.
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In vitro, In vivo
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Process, test, or procedure performed, measured, or observed outside a living organism.
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Ionization
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Transformation of electrically neutral substances into electrically charged particles.
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Labeled compound
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Combination of a radioactive substance (radionuclide) and a drug; used in nuclear medicine studies.
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Lateral decubitus
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Lying down on one's side with the x-ray beam horizontally positioned.
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Magnetic resonance imaging
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Magnetic field and radio waves produce sagittal, coronal, and axial images of the body; especially effective to image soft tissues.
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Myelography
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X-ray image of the spinal cord after injection of contrast into the membranes surrounding the spinal cord.
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Nuclear medicine
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Medical specialty that studies the uses of radioactive substances (radionuclides and radiopharmaceuticals) in the diagnosis of disease.
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Oblique
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Positioned at an angle; an x-ray view.
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Positron-emission
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Radionuclides given intravenously emit positrons, which
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tomography (PET)
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create a cross-sectional image of cellular metabolism in specialized areas of the body.
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Posteroanterior
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In this position, x-ray beams pass from the back to the front of the body.
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Prone
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Lying on the belly (face down).
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Pyelogram
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X-ray record of the kidneys (renal pelvis) and urinary tract after contrast is injected (intravenously or retrograde).
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Radiographer
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Aids physicians in administering diagnostic x-ray procedures.
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Radiology
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Medical specialty concerned with the use of x-rays for the diagnosis and treatment of disease.
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Radioimmunoassay
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Test combines radioactive chemicals and antibodies to detect minute quantities of substances in a patient's blood.
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Radioisotope
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Radioactive form of an element; radionuclide.
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Radiolucent
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Permitting the passage of x-rays.
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Radionuclide
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Radioactive form of an element; gives off energy in the form of radiation; radioisotope.
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Radiopaque
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Obstructing the passage of x-rays.
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Radiopharmaceutical
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Radioactive drug (radionuclide plus a drug) that is administered safely for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes.
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Recumbent
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Lying down (prone or supine).
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Roentgenology
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Study of x-rays; radiology.
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Scan
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Image of an area, organ, or tissue of the body obtained from ultrasound, radioactive tracer studies, or computed tomography.
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Single photon emission
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Radioactive tracer is injected intravenously, and a computer computed tomography reconstructs a three-dimensional image based on a (SPECT) composite of many views.
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Sonogram
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Image of sound waves as they bounce off organs in the body; echogram or ultrasound image.
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Supine
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Lying on one's back.
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Tagging
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Attaching a radionuclide to a chemical allowing its path in the body.
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Thallium scan
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Thallium 201 is injected intravenously to allow for myocardial perfusion and assess damage to heart muscle from heart attacks.
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Technetium Tc 99m
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A nuclear medicine study in which a radiopharmaceutical sestamibi scan (Tc 99m sestamibi) is injected intravenously and traced to heart muscle to observe heart function.
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Therapeutic
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Pertaining to treatment or therapy.
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Thyroid scan
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An iodine 131 radionuclide is administered intravenously, and an image of the size and shape of the thyroid gland is obtained by scanning.
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Tomography
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Process of taking a series of images to show an organ in layers or depth.
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Tracer studies
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Radionuclides are attached to chemicals, used as tags or markers, and followed as they travel through the body.
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Transducer
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Handheld device that sends and receives ultrasound signals.
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Ultrasonography
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Diagnostic technique that projects and retrieves high-frequency sound waves as they bounce (echo) off parts of the body.
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Uptake
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Rate of absorption of a radionuclide into an organ or tissue.
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Urography
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Process of taking x-ray images of the urinary tract after injecting contrast.
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Ventilation-perfusion studies
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Radiopharmaceutical is inhaled (ventilation study) and injected intravenously (perfusion study) followed by imaging its passage through the respiratory tract.
