question

Muscular

answer

Directly causes mechanical motion.

question

Nervous

answer

Responds to environmental changes by transmitting electrical impulses.

question

Skeletal

answer

Provides support and levers for muscles to work on.

question

Integumentary

answer

Protects underlying organs from mechanical damage and synthesizes vitamin D.

question

Endocrine

answer

Controls the body with chemical molecules called hormones.

question

Cardiovascular

answer

Delivers oxygen and nutrients to the tissues.

question

Immune

answer

Produces antibodies that neutralize foreign substances.

question

Lymphatic

answer

Removes and filters excess fluid from tissues.

question

Blood Glucose Levels

answer

Negative Feedback

question

Blood Pressure

answer

Negative Feedback

question

Blood Clotting

answer

Positive Feedback

question

Delivering a baby

answer

Positive Feedback

question

Cardiovascular

answer

Arteries, veins, heart

question

Respiratory

answer

Trachea, bronchi, alveoli

question

Endocrine

answer

Adrenal glands, pancreas, pituitary

question

Digestive

answer

Esophagus, large intestine, rectum

question

Urinary

answer

Kidneys, bladder, ureters

question

Arm

answer

Brachial

question

Buttock

answer

Gluteal

question

Head

answer

Cephalic

question

Knee (anterior aspect)

answer

Patellar

question

Chest

answer

Thoracic

question

The bridge of the nose is ______ to the left eye.

answer

Medial

question

The upper arm is _____ to the forearm.

answer

Proximal

question

The heart is ______ to the stomach.

answer

Superior

question

The fingers are ______ to the wrist.

answer

Distal

question

The stomach is ______ to the spine.

answer

The epigastric region is located superior to the umbilical region.

answer

True

question

Positive feedback mechanisms tend to increase the original stimulus.

answer

True

question

Imaging is useful in discovering obstructed blood supplies in organs and tissues.

answer

True

question

The anatomical position means the body is standing at attention with the palms facing forward and the thumbs pointing away from the body.

answer

True

question

The elbow is proximal to the shoulder.

answer

False

question

The serous membrane that lines the peritoneal cavity wall is called visceral peritoneum.

answer

False

question

A major function of serous membranes is to decrease friction.

answer

True

question

The right hypochondriac region contains the majority of the stomach.

answer

False

question

Lungs carry out an excretory function.

answer

True

question

Embryology concerns the structural changes that occur in an individual from conception through old age.

answer

False

question

A tissue consists of groups of similar cells that have a common function.

answer

True

question

It is important for any organism to maintain its boundaries, so that its internal environment remains distinct from the external environment surrounding it.

answer

True

question

Without some sort of negative feedback mechanism, it would be impossible to keep our body chemistry in balance.

answer

True

question

Regardless of the variable being regulated, all homeostatic control mechanisms have at least three interdependent components.

answer

True

question

In a negative feedback mechanism, ADH is the equivalent to the "thermostat" in your home heating system.

answer

False

question

Subdivisions of anatomy include ________.

answer

gross, regional, systemic, and surface

question

Histology would be best defined as a study of______.

answer

tissues

question

The study of the heart may incorporate many aspects of anatomy but as a whole you would say it is ____ anatomy.

answer

Gross

question

An increased rate of breathing as a result of an increased buildup of carbon dioxide in the bloodstream would be best described as an example of ________.

answer

excretion of metabolic waste

question

Normal body temperature is _____ degrees centigrade.

answer

37

question

If you consider your home air conditioner in terms of homeostasis then the wall thermostat would be the_____.

answer

control center

question

The main, general purpose of negative feedback is _____.

answer

to maintain homeostasis

question

________ is the specific name for the hip region.

answer

coxal

question

An oblique cut is one that ________.

answer

is cut diagonally between the vertical and horizontal

question

The heart lies in the ________ cavity.

answer

pericardial

question

The cavities housing the eyes are called _______ cavities.

answer

orbital

question

A structure that is composed of two or more tissues would be ________.

answer

an organ

question

________ cavities are spaces within joints.

answer

synovial

question

Which of the following would not be functional characteristics of life? A) decay B) responsiveness to external stimuli C) maintenance of boundaries D) movement

answer

A) decay

question

______ means toward or at the back of the body, behind.

answer

dorsal

question

The single most abundant chemical substance of the body, accounting for 60 to 80% of body weight, is ________.

answer

water

question

The posterior side of the patella would be called ______.

answer

popliteal

question

Which of the following statements is true concerning feedback mechanisms? A) Negative feedback mechanisms work to prevent sudden severe changes within the body. B) Positive feedback mechanisms always result in excessive damage to the host. C) Negative feedback mechanisms tend to increase the original stimulus. D) Blood glucose levels are regulated by positive feedback mechanisms.

answer

A) Negative feedback mechanisms work to prevent sudden severe changes within the body.

question

The anatomical position is characterized by all of the following except ________.

answer

palms turned posteriorly

question

A good example of a positive feedback mechanism would be ________.

answer

enhancement of labor contractions

question

A parasagittal plane is ________.

answer

any sagittal plane except the median

question

Which of the following organs or structures would be found in the left iliac region? A) stomach B) liver C) appendix D) intestines

answer

D) intestines

question

The parietal pleural would represent a serous membrane ____.

answer

lining the thoracic cavity

question

Which one of the following systems responds to environmental stimuli____. A) immune B) endocrine C) nervous D) lymphatic

answer

C) nervous

question

Choose the anatomical topic and definition that is NOT correctly matched. A) Gross anatomy: study of structures visible to the eye. B) Embryology: study of the changes in an individual from conception to birth. C) Cytology: study of the structures in a particular region. D) Microscopic anatomy: study of structures too small to be seen by the naked eye.

answer

C) Cytology: study of the structures in a particular region.

question

Homeostasis is the condition in which the body maintains ______.

answer

a relatively stable internal environment, within limits

question

The lungs are located in the following cavities ______.

answer

pleural, ventral, and thoracic

question

Choose the following statement that is NOT completely correct regarding serous membranes. A) Visceral pericardium covers the surface of the heart, and parietal pericardium lines the walls of the heart. B) Serous membranes are divided into parietal and visceral membranes with a potential space between the two. C) Serosa are very thin, double-layered structures. D) Serous membranes secrete a watery lubricating fluid.

answer

A) Visceral pericardium covers the surface of the heart, and parietal pericardium lines the walls of the heart.

question

Place the following in correct sequence from simplest to most complex: 1. molecules 2. atoms 3. tissues 4. cells 5. organ

answer

2. atoms 1. molecules 4. cells 3. tissues 5. organs

question

Which of the following imaging devices would best localize a tumor in a person's brain?

answer

MRI

question

Which of these is not part of the dorsal cavity?

answer

thoracic cavity

question

The stomach is located in which abdominal-pelvic quadrant?

answer

left upper

question

Which of the following statements is most correct of homeostatic imbalance? A) It is considered the cause of most diseases. B) Negative feedback mechanisms are functioning normally. C) Positive feedback mechanisms are overwhelmed. D) The internal environment is becoming more stable.

answer

A) It is considered the cause of most diseases.

question

Subdivisions of anatomy include _______.

answer

gross, regional, systemic, and surface

question

The term pollex refers to the ________.

answer

thumb

question

The dorsal body cavity is the site of which of the following?

answer

brain

question

Select the statement that is most correct. A) Organ systems can be composed of cells or tissues, but not both. B) Organ systems operate independently of each other to maintain life. C) The immune system is closely associated with the lymphatic system. D) The endocrine system is not a true structural organ system.

answer

C) The immune system is closely associated with the lymphatic system.

question

One of the functional characteristics of life is irritability. This refers to ________.

answer

sensing changes in the environment and then reacting or responding to them

question

Survival needs of the body include ________.

answer

nutrients, water, atmospheric pressure, and oxygen

question

The frontal plane is also called the ______ plane.

answer

coronal

question

The anatomical position is used ________.

answer

as a standard reference point for directional terms regardless of the actual position of the body

question

A horizontal section through the body is called ______.

answer

transverse

question

A vertical section through the body, dividing it into left and right, is called ________.

answer

sagittal

question

A vertical section through the body, dividing it into anterior and posterior, is called ________.

answer

frontal

question

Which body cavity protects the nervous system?

answer

dorsal

question

A small family was traveling in its van and had a minor accident. The children in the back seats were wearing lap belts, but still sustained numerous bruises about the abdomen, and had some internal organ injuries. Why is this area more vulnerable to damage than others?

answer

The abdominal organs are the least protected in the body because they are not surrounded by a bony covering such as the ribs, pelvis, or cranium.

question

A surgeon removed a section of tissue along a transverse plane for microscopic examination. What two names would the section be called?

answer

A cross section or a transverse section.

question

Judy is 16 years old and collapses on the gym floor in severe pain to her chest wall. She is rushed by ambulance to the emergency room. Judy is diagnosed with pleurisy and is given an anti-inflammatory through the intravenous route. Explain why an anti-inflammatory would be prescribed for someone with pleurisy.

answer

The pleural space contains a small amount of fluid that acts as a lubricant, allowing the pleurae to slide smoothly over each other as the lungs expand and contract. Pleurisy is an inflammation of the parietal pleura of the lungs. When inflammation occurs in the pleural space, the pleurae do not slide smoothly and this causes severe pain.

question

Explain why an 80-year-old woman requires a much longer time to recover from the flu versus a woman who is age 30.

answer

As we age, our body's control systems become less efficient. As a result our internal environment becomes less and less stable.

question

The nurse charted: "Client has an open wound located on lateral aspect of leg." Describe where the wound is located.

answer

The wound is located on the outer side of the leg.

question

The client was admitted to the hospital with hypertension. The development of arteriosclerosis has increased peripheral resistance to blood flow, worsening his hypertension. This is an example of what type of feedback loop and why?

answer

Positive feedback loops are common in pathophysiological perpetuation of disease. For example, arteriosclerotic hypertension results in positive feedback mechanisms that enhance and propagate the initial step in the chain of events, which is hypertension.

question

Although oxygen and water are essential to life, atmospheric pressure is really not important to sustain life.

answer

False

question

Which one of the following systems removes a liquid from the body?

answer

urinary

question

The stomach is ________ to the esophagus.

answer

inferior

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