US History Final Exam Study Guide – Flashcards
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black tuesday
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nickname of the date of the stock market crash
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selective service act
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an act that requires young men to enter the military for WWI; the draft
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prohibition
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the banning of alcoholic beverages in the US
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automobile
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this machine had huge impact on the US; invented by henry ford; results in construction of paved roads, gas stations, etc; allows for people to live farther from their jobs.
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new deal
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FDR's legislation to end the Great Depression
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herbert hoover
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his election showed that americans were happy with the course of the nation by 1928; however became largely disfavored during the Great Depression; only had one term due to lack of success
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buying on margin
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the concept of paying with a small percentage of a stock's money as a down payment and borrowing the rest
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KKK
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a group started in 1870; targeted blacks, roman catholics, jews, foreigners, etc. re-surges during the red scare but dies down by the end of the 1920's
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installment plan
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a way of purchasing goods in which the consumer pays for goods in small increments over time
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communist party
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the party of Stalin; citizens have no property; all things are run by the state
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jazz age
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originated in new orleans; accepted by whites by the 1920's
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NAZI party
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the national socialist german worker's party
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chester nimitz
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this man led 110 ships to the midway; fought in the battle of midway
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alphabet soup
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nickname for the many programs designed under FDR's presidency
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dwight eisenhower
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head of D Day during WWII; a future president
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TVA
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a two fold project to help the poorest region in the US, the Tennessee valley
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douglas macarthur
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United States general who served as chief of staff and commanded Allied forces in the South Pacific during World War II; kept his promise of returning to the philippines
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PWA
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Part of Roosevelts New Deal programs. Put people to work building or improving public buildings like schools, post offices,etc.
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erwin rommel
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hitler's most feared general; "desert fox"
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CCC
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a work project designed for men ages 18-25 to build roads and parks, plant trees, execute flood control, and prevent soil erosion
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Great Depression
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a period of time in which the economy was in severe decline and millions of people were out of work; lasted from 1929-1941
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suffrage
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the right to vote
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henry ford
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creator of the assembly line; known for his automobile industry
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isolationism
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abstention from alliances and other international political and economic relations; an American foreign policy
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world war I
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also known as the Great War, conflict, chiefly in Europe, among most of the great Western powers. It was the largest war the world had yet seen (1914-1918)
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world war II
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War fought from 1939 to 1945 between the Allies and the Axis, involving most countries in the world. The United States joined the Allies in 1941, helping them to victory
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imperialism
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the policy in which stronger nations extend their economic, political, and military control over weaker countries
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hooverville
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a nickname for the makeshift communities built on the outskirts of towns and cities
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panama canal
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one of the greatest construction feats of the US; a trans-ocean route built through panama
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germany; japan; italy
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the axis powers
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theodore roosevelt
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first progressive president of the US; responsible for the square deal which encompassed arbitration, trustbusting, and conservationism;
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manhattan project
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a secret project to develop the atomic bombs used on japan
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treaty of versailles
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the treaty imposed on Germany by the Allied powers in 1920 after the end of World War I which demanded exorbitant reparations from the Germans
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united nations
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the new international peace-keeping organization created after WWII
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big stick policy
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A policy enacted by President Roosevelent that encouraged being peaceful in making resolutions but use force if necessary.
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spanish american war
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this war , In 1898, a conflict between the United States and Spain, in which the U.S. supported the Cubans' fight for independence; 3 month war
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woodrow wilson
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3rd progressive president; president during WWI
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wolfpacks
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groups of german U-boats sent to sink delivery ships
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14 point speech
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Wilson's speech after America entered the war; lenient peace plan; suggests the league of nations
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Franklin D. Roosevelt
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democratic president who took over during the great depression; held the longest presidency; responsible for great contributions helping the US economy; widely popular
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dollar diplomacy
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the idea of sending troops to protect business interests in latin america
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missionary diplomacy
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Woodrow Wilson's idealistic policy of advocating just principles, peace and democracy, especially in Latin America, and often ended in military intervention
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adolf hitler
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fuhrer of germany; member of the NAZI party; responsible for the holocaust and the invasion of a majority of europe
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d day
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an operation headed by dwight eisenhower on june 6, 1944; opened up the western front
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yalta conference
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a conference that led to the creation of the United Nations
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george patton
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general who opened up the western front in WWII; liberated france
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platt amendment
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a document passed that stated: no foreign treaties; US has right to intervene in Cuba; don't go into debt; US can lease land for naval base (guantanamo bay)
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kellog briand pact
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a pact signed by 64 nations in agreement to avoid any more aggressive wars in the future; sounded nice but was unrealistic
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sacco vanzetti trial
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a trial in which two italian men were charged with a crime during a time of nativism; the accused were executed by electric chair; not given fair trial
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hiroshima; nagasaki
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the two cities/towns in japan that were hit by the US atomic bombs
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pearl harbor
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the military base located in hawaii that was attacked by the japanese on december 7, 1941
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square deal
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various progressive reforms under the presidency of theodore roosevelt; designed to help the common man
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treaty of paris 1898
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an armistice signed to end the spanish american war; grants cuba its independence, gives US the philippines and puerto rico, and gives spain $20 million
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holocaust
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the systematic murder of about 11 million people across europe; primarily jews
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winston churchill
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prime minister of britain during WWII
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United States; France; Great Britain; USSR
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allied powers of WWII
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frances perkins
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1st female cabinet member; responsible for the creation of social security
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emilio aguinaldo
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leader of rebellion in the philippines; once helped US in spanish american war
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upton sinclair
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wrote The Jungle to expose the Chicago meat packing industry
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warren g harding
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president elected in the election of 1920; promoted a return to normalcy and isolationism; presidency marked with scandal
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harry truman
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president responsible for the decision to drop the atomic bomb; largely unprepared for his presidency and doubted by many; president at start of cold war
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f scott fitzgerald
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writer of The Great Gatsby
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calvin coolidge
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massachussetts governor who responded to the boston police strike by calling the national guard; becomes president after harding has a heart attack
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william h taft
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successor of theodore roosevelt; second progressive president; largest president; more cautious than roosevelt; work displeases roosevelt
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franz ferdinand
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the archduke who was assassinated; his assassination was the immediate cause of WWI
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al capone
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gang leader during a time of prohibition; major leader of organized crime
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rough riders
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a group of cavalry led by theodore roosevelt in the spanish american war
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san juan hill
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the battle in the spanish american war that allowed for US control of the island
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red scare
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a state of panic in the US over the fear that communism was taking over the country
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japanese internment
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the removal of japanese from California and parts of western US; placed in camps until the end of the war
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fascism
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a new political movement that called for a strong central government headed by a powerful dictator
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nuremberg laws
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laws passed in germany that stripped jews of civil rights and property
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nuremberg trials
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trials that convicted many officials guilty of war crimes involving the holocaust
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relief; recovery; reform
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the 3 r's of the new deal
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trustbuster
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nickname given to theodore roosevelt for his work in breaking up many trusts
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court packing plan
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a plan to raise the number of supreme court justices to 15 to give FDR a majority
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bull moose party
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a new third party formed during the election of 1912; supporters of theodore roosevelt
