Biology Biochemistry – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
element
answer
a pure substance that cannot be broken down into other substances by physical or chemical means
question
hormone
answer
a naturally occurring substance secreted by specialized cells that affects the metabolism or behavior of other cells
question
monosaccharide
answer
the most simplistic form of carbs...one sugar C6 H12 O6 galactose fructose glucose
question
disaccharide
answer
two monosaccharides bonded together...two sugars C12 H22 O11 lose one water molecule lactose sucrose maltose
question
polysaccharide
answer
large complex chains of monosaccharides starch-plants cellulose-plant cell wall glycogen-animals
question
isotope
answer
atoms of the same element that have the same number of protons and electrons but have a different number of neutrons
question
covalent bond
answer
chemical bonds formed when electrons are shared
question
ionic bond
answer
A bond between a metal and a non-metal ex) salt
question
valence shell
answer
The outermost shell contains the electrons that are involved in bond formation, for they are the least tightly bound to the nucleus and thus can be removed most readily. 1st shell-2 2nd shell-8 3rd shell-8 4th shell-18
question
isomer
answer
A molecule with the same empirical formula, but a different arrangement/shape of the atoms
question
nucleus
answer
The area of an atom where protons and neutrons are found
question
protein
answer
a compound made of small carbon compounds called amino acids
question
amino acids
answer
Small compounds that are made of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and hydrogen...sometimes sulfur
question
peptide bond
answer
bond two amino acids by joining the carboxyl group and the amine group of another
question
lipid
answer
molecules made mostly of carbon and hydrogen. used for storage fat/wax-solid oil-liquid
question
enzyme
answer
a substance that acts as a catalyst in living organisms, regulating the rate at which chemical reactions proceed without itself being altered in the process.
question
carbohydrate
answer
the main source of energy for all living things (sugars)
question
nucleotide
answer
the subunit of nucleic acids phosphate group sugar group nitrogen base: adenine, guanine, thymine, cytosine)
question
organic chemistry
answer
The chemistry of carbon compounds (carbs, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids)
question
atom
answer
the building blocks of matter
question
nucleic acid
answer
how we synthesize proteins and pass on our genetic code
question
polymer
answer
a big long chain of chemical subunits
question
periods
answer
horizontal
question
groups
answer
vertical
question
givers
answer
the elements identified as metals tend to donate electrons
question
takers
answer
the elements identified as nonmetals tend to accept electrons
question
ion
answer
an atom or element with a positive or negative charge to it
question
molecule
answer
a combination of 2 or more atoms that are joined or bonded together
question
compound
answer
a pure substance formed when 2 or more DIFFERENT elements combine
question
Can a molecule be a compound?
answer
sometimes
question
Can a compound be a molecule
answer
always
question
activation energy
answer
the minimum amount of energy needed for reactants to form products in a chemical reaction
question
higher reactant...lower product
answer
exothermic-gives off energy (hot)
question
lower reactant......higher product
answer
endothermic-absorbs energy (cold)
question
catalyst
answer
make chemical reactions happen quicker ex: pH, temp
question
substrates
answer
the reactants that bind to the enzyme
question
active site
answer
the specific location where a substrate binds on an enzyme
question
hydrolysis
answer
breaking molecules by adding water
question
dehydration synthesis
answer
process of losing water by combining molecules together
question
Macromolecule
answer
large molecules formed by joining smaller organic molecules together
question
saturated fat
answer
saturated with hydrogen (all single bonds)
question
unsaturated fat
answer
fatty acid tails that are not holding as much as they can (at least one double bond)
