american literature I. – Flashcards
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Edgar Allan Poe - gothic
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Many of Poe's works have gothic elements
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Gothic - Legend of Sleepy Hollow
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gothic elements of supernatural (Irving)
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John Winthrop - Puritanism
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J.W. was one of the first most important figures of Puritanism in New England.
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The Declaration of Independence - Thomas Jefferson
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Thomas Jefferson is author of the Declaration of Independence
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noble savage - James Fennimore Cooper
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Cooper depicts native Americans as noble savages, but as interior to white people
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Civil Disobedience - David Thoreau
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one of his primary works in his refusal to pay tax
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Free verse - Walt Whitman
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father of free verse in American poetry
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Arbella - John Winthrop
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he was one of passenger of Arbella, one of four ships which bring settlers to New England
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Ralph Waldo Emerson - The dial
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The literary organ of the American Transcendental movement coedited by Fuller and Emerson.
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Anne Hutchinson - Antinomian controversy
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A theological dispute in Boston by Anne Hutchinson in the Massachusetts Bay Colony.
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Slave narrative - Linda Brent - pseudonym of Harriet Ann Jacobs
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slave narrator, in autobiographical narrative 'Life of a Slave Girl'
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Slave narrative - Frederick Douglass
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- Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave
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Frontier - James Fennimore Cooper
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Cooper's The pioneers (1823) first true frontier novel; first major writer of the Frontier
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Mark Twain - picaresque
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Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is a picaresque novel
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The noble savage - frontier - James Fennimore Cooper
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basic motif in the frontier narratives is the noble savage; Cooper often depicts the Native Americans through the stereotype of the noble savage
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Elegy - Whitman: Lilacs
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A mournful, melancholy poem, especially a funeral song or lament for the dead or a personal, reflective poem. Elegy on the death of Abraham Lincoln 'When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom'd'
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The birth-mark (1843) - implicit feminism - Nathaniel Hawthorne
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woman's identity is a product of man's responses to her.
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Captivity narrative - Mary Rowlandson
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memoir A Narrative of the Captivity and Restoration of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson is a classic example of the genre
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Ralph Waldo Emerson - jeremiad
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Emerson's essays are written in secularized jeremiad style: emotional, passionate, sermon; glorious past, women and men were close to God
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"Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God" - jeremiad style
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sermon by Jonathan Edwards ; glorious past, women and men were close to God
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Roger Williams - separatist
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he believed that Puritans must break with the Church of England; A key the Language of America - 1st book on colonies
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Bay Psalm Book- Roger Williams
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The Whole Book of Psalmes Faithfully Translated into English Metre (1640), was the first book printed on Anglo-American, and the whole effort of the divines who wrote furiously to set forth their views—among them Roger Williams and Thomas Hooker—was to defend and promote visions of the religious state
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Covenant of works- Puritanism
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Covenants were important in the religious communities of the Puritans in early New England (rules which can't be broken). Puritans argued that Adam broke the "Covenant of Works" . Pro community.
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Personal Narrative (1743) - conversion narratives
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personal conversion experience by Jonathan Edwards
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Manifest destiny - Bret Harte
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Bret's career coincided with the opening of the West by the Transcontinental Railroad, the West always embodied a kind of dream, 'America's manifest destiny;
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Manifest destiny - James Fenimore Cooper
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- idealization of nature and wilderness (repeats "manifest destiny")
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Predestination and preparationism - puritanism
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their lives were decided from the beginning and they were destined to be saved
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City upon a hill - Winthrop
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term invoked by Puritan leader John Winthrop - biblical Jerusalem
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The Age of Reason- Thomas Paine
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A pamphlet written by him;
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Jonathan Edwards - Pietism / the Great Awakening
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Edwards central figure of pietism, advocate of pietism.
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Age of reason - Enlightenment
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it is the same thing
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Pietism / the Great Awakening
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'A faithful narrative of the surprising work of God ' histories of the pietist movement by Jonathan Edwards
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Enlightenment - Deism
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deism one of main concepts of enlightenment; "God exists but he doesn't influence our lives"
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Poor Richard's Almanack - Benjamin Franklin
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yearly calendar with useful information written by Benjamin Franklin
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Common sense - Thomas Paine
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he is an author of this pamphlet; independence; separation from Britain
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Hudson River school - pastoral
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artists of this school depicted pastoral landscapes of America;
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Hudson River school - frontier
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depicted views of the American frontier
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James Fenimore Cooper - romance
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Cooper has romantic, adventure narratives
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Nathaniel Hawthorne - romance
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The Scarlet Letter (1850), The House of the Seven Gables (1851),The Blithedale Romance (1852) are all romances
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Daniel Boone - Nathaniel "Natty" Bumppo
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Natty modelled on Daniel Boone, Natty protagonist of the Leatherstocking-novels 2 by James Fenimore Cooper
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Arabesque-Poe
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Tales of the Grotesque and Arabesque: Arabesque-Poe - Poe used arabesque pattern
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Doppelganger - Poe
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In The Fall of the House of Usher - twins doppelgangers paranormal double
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Arabesque- Doppelganger - Narrative ellipsis
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symbol, device and pattern used by Poe
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Narrative ellipsis - Poe
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In The Fall of the House of Usher used this literary device for creating gaps or omissions.
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Brook farm - transcendentalism
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Utopian outlook -based on transcendentalism values
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Nathaniel Hawthorne - Brook farm
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Hawthorne joined Brook farm but left shortly
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Transcendental Club - transcendentalism
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a group of American intellectuals who met informally for philosophical discussion at Emerson's house
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Transcendental Club - The dial
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club's literary organ was the Dial
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Ralph Waldo Emerson - Transparent eyeball
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the way of perception of nature explained by Emerson in his essay Nature
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Ralph Waldo Emerson- Self-Reliance
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his essay: The individual is more important than the society.
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Woman in the nineteenth century - treatise
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America's first treatise: Woman in the nineteenth century - Margaret Fuller - Book by women's rights advocate Margaret Fuller
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Woman in the nineteenth century - The Dial
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Originally published in July 1843 in The Dial magazine as The Great Lawsuit; Margaret Fuller was co-editor of The Dial
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Civil Disobedience - David Thoreau
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Self- reliant individual, Abolitionism
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The Scarlet Letter - Nathaniel Hawthorne - allegory
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genre of romance allegory; ambiguity of allegory - not necessarily a one-to-one relationship with the symbol
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rite of passage - Walden - Henry David Thoreau
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Journey into the wilderness as rite of passage
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Moby Dick - Herman Melville - allegory
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ship as America
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Rite of passage - Moby Dick
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hero's life transition
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Transcendentalism - self-reliant
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self-reliance and independency are principles of this philosophic movement
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Quest narrative - Moby dick - Herman Melville
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hero gets through obstacles to continue his journey
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Abolitionism - John Adam
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he was strong abolitionist
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Abolitionism - American Renaissance
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abolitionism is a prolific output in this period
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Abolitionism - Transcendentalism
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abolitionism one of general traits of transcendentalism
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Abolitionism - David Thoreau
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Civil Disobedience
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Abolitionism - Harriet Beecher Stowe
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Uncle Tom's cabin or the man that was a thing - issue, more specifically the cause of Abolitionism
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Abolitionism - slave narratives
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abolitionism is one of aims of slave narratives
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Abolitionism - Frederick Douglass
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became involved in abolitionism (lectures, one of its leading figures)
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Abolitionism - Walt Whitman
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in his works he called for the abolition of slavery
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Underground Railroad-Fugitive Slave Acts
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A system existing in the Northern states before the Civil War by which escaped slaves from the South were secretly helped by sympathetic Northerners, in against of the Fugitive Slave Acts, to reach places of safety in the North or in Canada
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Sentimental novel - Harriet Beecher Stowe
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Uncle Tom's Cabin is a sentimental novel
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Leaves of grass - deathbed edition
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edition in 1892, 400 poems of Walt Whitman
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Free verse - Leaves of grass - Walt Whitman
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collection of free verse poetry
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Master letters - Emily Dickinson
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a series of three letters drafted by Emily Dickinson to someone she called "Master".
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Slant rhyme - Emily Dickinson
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was famous for using slant rhymes, words end with similar sounds but don't rhyme
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Regionalism - Sarah Orne Jewett: The White Heron
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The White Heron - is regional type of literature work
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Regionalism - Kate Chopin: Cajun culture
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Cajun culture - is regional type of literature work
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Psychological realism - Henry James
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The ultimate in psychological realism is the use of the stream of consciousness. This genre is associated mainly with American novelist Henry James, who used his fiction to explore family relationships, romantic desires, and small-scale power struggles in painstaking detail (Daisy Miller, The Turn of the Screw).
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Realism - Mark Twain
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For Twain and other American writers of the late 19th century, realism was not merely a literary technique: It was a way of speaking truth and exploding worn-out conventions.
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Realism - Triffles
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Susan Glaspel uses techniques of Realism in Trifles
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Unreliable narrator - Benito Cereno
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generally unreliable narrator , the only reliable narrator is Babo (silence)
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Unreliable narrator - The Fall of the House of Usher
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unnamed unreliable narrator "utter depression of soul"; Roderick addresses him as a madman.
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Unreliable narrator - Yellow wallpaper -Charlotte Perkins Gilman
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narrator (protagonist) has a tendency to change her mind quite regularly, also, her 'illness' makes her an unreliable narrator: it is making her a different person.
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Unreliable narrator - Huckleberry Finn
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Huck is inexperience, this is makes him an unreliable narrator, he presents different stories about himself
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Unreliable narrator - Turn of the screw - Henry James
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Douglas , initial narrator, describes the governess as 'young, untried, nervous'
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Cult of Domesticity - feminism
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Nineteenth-century, middle-class American women saw their behavior regulated by a social system known today as the cult of domesticity. This value system emphasized new ideas of femininity, the woman's role within the home and the dynamics of work and family. "True women" were supposed to possess four cardinal virtues: piety, purity, domesticity, and submissivenes
