Abnormal Psychology and Insanity – Flashcards
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Psychological abnormality
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impaired functioning with respect to expected performance suitable for a person in a relevant context-sex, age, and societal norms
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characteristics of abnormality
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personal distress deviance maladaptive behavior
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diagostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM)
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catalog of psychological disorders used by trained professionals to diagnose psychopathologies
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presenting problem
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original complaint reported by the client or other authority to the clinician
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personality disorders
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group of long-standing, inflexible and maladaptive personality traits that impair social and occupational functioning
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global assessment of functioning (GAF)
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numeric scale used by mental health practitioners to quantify a client's psychological function. 1-100. less than 50=hospital admission
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comorbidity
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coincident presence of two or more disorders in an individual
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cultural bound syndromes
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combination of psychiatric and somatic symptoms considered a disease only within specific culture
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cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)
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umbrella term for therapeutic approaches that combine behavioral performance based interventions with strategies that address the client's thinking
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pharmacotherapy
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use of drugs to treat diseases, including mental illnesses
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psychosurgery
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surgical procedure to treat or cure mental illness
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therapist
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generic term for an individual who offers "health" services
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psychiatrist
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medical doctor with training in treating mental and behavioral problems
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clinical psychologists
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individual with training in assessment, treatment and prevention of abnormal behavior
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counselor
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individual with advanced degree in counseling - focus on problems arising in family environments and de-emphasis on research
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social worker
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similar to a counselor, but focus primarily on most difficult social problems
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insanity
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legal (not medical or psychological) term for unsoundness of mind such that nature of a criminal act was not perceived to be wrong
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schizophrenia
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condition characterized marked disturbances of thought, language and behavior and a loss of contact with reality (psychosis)
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positive symptoms
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production of abnormal phenomena
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delusions
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false beliefs that are held despite disconfirming evidence
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hallucinations
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sensory perceptions that are not directly attributable to environmental stimuli
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negative symptoms
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absence or reduction of normal thoughts, feelings and behaviors
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lack of insight
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inability to recognize that thought is disturbed
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loosening of associations
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continual shifting of thoughts from topic to topic without any apparent logic or meaning
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flat affect
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lack of emotional expression
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catatonia
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disordered movement ranging from immobility to excited agitation
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disorganized schizophrenia
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subtype characterized by disrupted speech, bizarre and regressive behaviors and inappropriate affect
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catatonic schizophrenia
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subtype characterized by either extreme excitement or extreme withdrawal in motor activity
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paranoid schizophrenia
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subtype characterized primarily by persistent and systematized delusions of persecution and vivid hallucinations, higher functioning/intelligence.
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undifferentiated schizophrenia
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subtype characterized primarily by persistent and systematized delusions and hallucinations
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residual schizophrenia
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diagnosis for people who experienced a previous schizophrenic episode but no longer meet all (DSM-IV) criteria
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viral hypothesis
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exposure to a virus in utero affects genes and neurodevelopment, inducing schizophrenia
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dopamine hypothesis
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schizophrenia is caused by an overproduction of dopamine
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dissociative identity disorder (DID)
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disorder in which two or more fairly distinct and separate personalities are present within the same individual
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host identity
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identity encountered most frequently and carries the person's real name
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alter identity
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an identity other than the host
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psychogenic
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caused by psychological factors as opposed to physical factors
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posttraumatic model
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model proposing that DID develops in childhood as result of severe physical and/or sexual abuse
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sociacultural model
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etiological theory of DID that considers the condition to be the result of learning to enact social roles, not to be deceptive, but in response to suggestion
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iatrogenic
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inadvertently induced by therapist
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biopsychosocial model
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model emphasizing the abnormal behavior that has three major aspects: biological (genetic factors, abnormal brain development, excesses/deficiencies in neurotransmitters/hormones, disease, brain damage, malnutrition, sleep deprivation, and drug abuse), psychological (reactions to experience and stressful events)and sociological (cultural, therapist suggestion,social learning)
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dissociative identity disorder (DID)
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multiple personality disorder, in which someone alternates among distinct personalities
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Axis 1
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clinical disorders, represents deterioration of functioning
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Axis 2
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personality disorders and mental retardation
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Axis 3
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general medical conditions- only important as influences
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Axis 4
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Psychological and environmental problems-how much stress endured by patient
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Axis 5
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Global assessment of functioning (see other def)
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Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF)
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1 to 100 scale of psychological health
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General Anxiety Disorder
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almost constantly plagued by worry that is consistently more extreme than circumstances warrant and is great enough to interfere with everyday life
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Panic Disorder
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have frequent periods of anxiety and occaional attacks of panic (rapid breathing increased heart rate, chest pains, sweating, fainting and trembling)
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hyperventilation
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rapid deep breathing makes body react as if suffocating, triggers sympathetic nervous system
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phobia
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extreme persistant fear that interferes with normal living, can be learned, evolution gives us certain tendencies, bad to good ratio, and controllability also affects them
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systematic desensitization
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reducing fear by gradually exposing people to object of fear (sometimes uses virtual reality)`
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OCD (obsessive compulsive disorder)
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obsessions (repetitive unwelcome streams of thought) and compulsions (repetitive almost irressistable action). exposure therapies with controlled response prevention
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Types of OCD (2)
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cleaners and checkers (what they sound like)
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major depression
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extreme condition persisting most of each day for at least 2 weeks (usually more) while the person experiences little interest,pleasure, motivation, activity, or ability to concentrate.lack of happiness, sleep abnormality. tends to come in spurts.serotonin gene magnifies, from sequence of events, more common in females (due to rumination), poor explanatory style
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seasonal affective disorder
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people regularly become depressed during a certain part of the year
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explanatory style
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tendency to accept 1 kind of explanation for success or failure more often than others (internal or external)
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interpersonal therapy
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focuses on improving social relationships and helping the cope with current or recent situations. encourage logical thinking and greater activity
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tricylic drugs
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block the reabsorbtion of neurotransmitters dopamine, norepinephrine and serotonin after they are released by an axon's terminal.
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selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
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(Prozac).block reuptake of serotonin
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monoamine oxidase inhibitors
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(nardil) block metabolic breakdown of released dopamine, norepinephrine and serotoning
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atypical antidepressants
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milder side effects, as effective as others dont know how they workreally
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antipsychotic drug
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drug that relieves schizphrenia, tend to block dopamine synapses in the brain
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tardive dyskinesia
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a condition characterized y tremors and involuntary movements
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atypical antipsychotic drugs
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relieve schizophrenia without causing tardive dyskinesia
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Autism
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characterized by impaired social relationships, impaired communication, stereotyped erepetitive behaviors, (also insensitivity to pain
