Educational Psychology Constructivism – Flashcards
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Learning Sciences
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A new interdisciplinary science of learning has emerged, based on research in psychology, education, computer science, philosophy, sociology, anthropology, neuroscience, and other fields of learning.
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Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI)
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An MRI is an imaging technique that uses a magnetic field along with radio waves and a computer to create detailed pictures of the inside of the body. A functional MRI uses the MRI to measure the tiny changes that take place in the brain during brain activity.
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Constructivism
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View that emphasizes the active role of the learner in building understanding and making sense of information.
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First Wave Constructivism
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A focus on the individual and psychological sources of knowing, as in Piaget's theory.
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Radical Constructivism
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Knowledge is assumed to be the individual's construction; it cannot be judged right or wrong.
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Appropriation
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Being able to internalize or take for yourself knowledge and skills developed in interaction with others or with cultural tools.
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Second Wave Constructivism
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A focus on the social and cultural sources of knowing, as in Vygotsky's theory.
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Constructionism
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How public knowledge in disciplines such as science, math, economics, or history is constructed.
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Community of Practice
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Social situation or context in which ideas are judged useful or true.
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Situated Learning
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The idea that skills and knowledge are tied to the situations in which they were learned and difficult to apply in new settings.
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Complex Learning Environments
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Problems and learning situations that mimic the ill-structured nature of real life.
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Social Negotiation
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Aspect of learning process that relies on collaboration with others and respect for different perspectives.
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Intersubjective Attitude
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A commitment to build shared meaning with others by finding common ground and exchanging interpretations.
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Multiple Representations of Context
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Considering problems using various analogies, examples, and metaphors.
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Spiral Curriculum
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Bruner's design for teaching that introduces the fundamental structure of all subjects early in the school years, the revisits the subjects in more and more complex forms over time.
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Inquiry Learning
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Approach in which the teacher presents a puzzling situation and students solve the problem by gathering data and testing their conclusions.
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Problem-Based Learning
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Methods that provide students with realistic problems that don't necessarily have "right" answers.
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Anchored Instruction
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A type of problem-based learning that uses a complex, interesting situation as an anchor for learning.
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Cognitive Apprenticeship
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A relationship in which a less experienced learner acquires knowledge and skills under the guidance of an expert.
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Reciprocal Teaching
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Is designed to help students understand and think deeply about what they read.
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Collaboration
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A philosophy about how to relate to others- how to learn and work.
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Cooperation
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A way of working with others to attains a shared goal.
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Cooperative Learning
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Situations where elaboration, interpretation, explanation, and argumentation are integral to the activity of the group and where learning is supported by other individuals.
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Reciprocal Questioning
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Students work in pairs or toads to ask and answer questions about lesson material.
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Jigsaw Classroom
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A learning process in which each student is part of a group and each group member is assigned part of the material to be learned by the whole group. Students become "expert" on their piece and then teach it to the others in their group.
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Structured Controversy
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Students work in pairs within their four-person cooperative groups to research a particular controversy.
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Fostering Communities of Learners (FCL)
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A system of interacting activities that results in a self-consciously active and reflective learning environment and uses a research, share, and perform learning cycle.
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Service Learning
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Combines academic learning with personal and social development for secondary and college students.
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Digital Divide
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A split between access to technologies between those who fall into high versus low socioeconomic status.
