General Psychology: Exam 1 Mississippi State University – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
Scientific Literacy
answer
The ability to understand, analyze, and apply scientific information
question
Empiricism
answer
is a philosophical tenet that knowledge comes through experience
question
Psychoanlysis
answer
approach that attempts too explain how behavior and personality are influenced by unconscious processes...Sigmund Freud
question
Behaviorism
answer
focused on studying only observable behavior between little to no reference too mental events or instincts
question
Humanism
answer
focuses on the unique aspects of each individual human: their freedom to act, rational thought, and the belief that they're fundamentally different from
question
Applied psychology
answer
uses psychological knowledge to address problems and issues across various settings and professions
question
Genes
answer
basic units of heredity
question
chromosomes
answer
-structure in cellular nucleus that are lined with all genes an individual inherits -23 in all.. you get half from mom and half from dad
question
Dendrities
answer
part of the neuron that projections that pick up impulses from other neurons. --Recieves
question
Axon
answer
part of the neuron that transports information to neighboring parts--sends
question
What engages neural communication ?
answer
Electricity because the communication with in the neuron are electrical
question
soma( cell body)
answer
part of neuron that contains the nucleus that has the cells genetic material ....materials needed by the neuron are made here
question
synapse
answer
space between axon and dendrite
question
neurotransmitters
answer
chemicals in axon terminals that function as messengers, allowing neurons to communicate with each other
question
hormones
answer
chemicals secreted by the glands of the endocrine system and go directly to the bloodstream
question
pituitary gland
answer
the master gland of the endocrine system
question
cerebral cortex
answer
is the convoluted wrinkled outer layer of the brain that is involved in multiple higher functions, such as through, language, and personality ....used in higher learning
question
corpus callosum
answer
is a densely concentrated bundle of nerve cells connecting the two hemispheres
question
lesions
answer
is a technique in which researches intentionally damage an area in the brain
question
frontal
answer
front
question
parietal
answer
peak
question
occipital
answer
outermost
question
temporal
answer
above the temples
question
right side
answer
visual and spatial skills, recognition of visual stimuli, and musical processing
question
left side
answer
language and math
question
transcranial magnetic stimulation
answer
procedure in which researchers send an electromagnetic pulse to a targeted region of the brain
question
functional MRI'S (fMRI)
answer
-provides moment by moment picture of the brain activity. -measures the difference b/w blood cells with an oxygen molecule attached versus those without an oxygen molecule attached -allows us to see blood flow within the brain
question
sensation
answer
process of detecting external events by sense organs and turning those events into neural signals
question
perception
answer
attending to, organizing, and interpreting stimuli that we sense
question
difference threshold
answer
smallest detectable difference between stimuli
question
sensory adaptation
answer
reduction of activity in sensory receptors with repeated exposure to a stimulus
question
transduction
answer
the process in which physical or chemical stimulation is converted into a nerve impulse that is relayed to the brain
question
absolute threshold
answer
the level at which stimulus can be detected 50% of the time
question
subliminal perception
answer
activation in certain brain regions -effects are limited ..only influence behavior
question
inattention blindess
answer
a failure to notice clearly visible events or objects because attention is directed elsewhere
question
lens
answer
transparent disk that focuses light rays onto the retina
question
cornea
answer
curved transparent dome that protects the eye and helps bend incoming light
question
what are the two photoreceptors
answer
cones and rods
question
cones
answer
photoreceptors that perceive color
question
rods
answer
photoreceptors that are highly sensitive under low light levels
question
amplitude
answer
loudness -the height
question
pitch
answer
frequency
question
long wavelength
answer
low frequency sound
question
short wavelength
answer
high- frequency sound
question
kinesthesis
answer
the sense of bodily motion and position
question
phantom limbs
answer
sensations felt in amputated limbs and those born without limbs -sesations include itching, muscle contractions, and pain
question
haptics
answer
the active, exploratory aspect of touch sensation and perception
question
wavelength
answer
the distance between peaks of a wave
question
why is scientific method important to psychology ?
answer
It allows us to be scientific literate
question
psychology
answer
the scientific study of behavior, thought, and experience
question
whats the relationship between theories and hypothesis?
answer
a hypothesis is a testable prediction, while a theories is a explantation for a BROAD range of observation and can generate a new hypothesis and integrate new findings into a whole
question
when did Psychology become a science ?
answer
late 1800's bc of Zeitgeist
question
Nature and nurture relationship
answer
inquiry into how heredity (nature) and environment (nurture ) influence behavior and mental processes
question
Nature
answer
biology; genes
question
nurture
answer
environment; support
question
Eugenics
answer
good genes -social programs should encourage intelligant talented and etc people should have kids.. not non white and criminals and mental or physical diable people
question
what is social psychology focus?
answer
the study of the influence of other people on our behavior along with what makes each individual unique
question
Clinical psychologist Neuropsychologist Community psychologist
answer
PHD or PsyD
question
Counseling psychologist Forensic psychologist
answer
Doctorate or masters
question
School psychologist
answer
EdD,Phd, or masters
question
Licensed clinical social worker; independent social worker
answer
Master in Social Work (MSW)
question
Psychiatrist
answer
Medical Doctor
question
Psychiatric nurse
answer
Nursing degree, RN
question
Behavioral health technician; case manger
answer
bachelor's degree
question
what do twin studies tell us about genetics?
answer
heritability
question
Monozygotic twins are
answer
gentically identical
question
dizygotic twins
answer
come from two seprate eggs fertiallazed by two different sperm cells that share the same womb
question
heritability
answer
a statics, expressed as a # between zero-one, that represents the degree to which genetic diff. b/w individuals contribute to individuals diff. in behavior or trait found in a population
question
the adopted family
answer
the nurture side
question
biological family
answer
nature side
question
Do most disorders stem from a single gene?
answer
NO, most complicated disorders are inlfuenced by a combination of genes
question
inheirt of genes...
answer
are not a guarntee
question
differnece between Excitatory neurotransmitters and inhibitory neurotransmitter
answer
Excitatory=Increase Inhibitory=decrease
question
difference between agonstic vs antagonistic effects of drugs
answer
Agonist= drugs that enhance or mimic the effects of a neurotranmitters action -antagonists: inhibits neurotransmitters activity by blocking receptor or preventing synthesis of the nerotransmitter
question
Central Nervous System
answer
the brain and spinal cord
question
Peripheral Nervous System
answer
transmitts info to and from the central nervous system
question
Autonomic nervous system
answer
regulates activity of the organs, glands, and other physiclogical process
question
Somatic nervous system
answer
transmitts sensory info. and controls movement of the skeltal muscles
question
sympathetic nervous system
answer
prepares the body to react and expand energy in time of stress
question
parasympathetic nervous system
answer
maintains body functions conserves resources
question
top down processing
answer
using prior knowledge and expeectation is guided
question
bottom up processing
answer
constructin a whole stimulus or concept from bits of raw sensory info.
question
does subliminal perception effect us strongly?
answer
no, the effects are limited. It only influences behavior
question
how did Gestalt psychology view objects?
answer
as a whole and not as a part
question
closure
answer
refers to the tendency to fill in gaps to complete a whole gaps
question
proximity
answer
refers to the tendency to put things in a group
question
what do taste and smell have in common?
answer
both detect chemicals
