question

Science of human behaviour

answer

Psychology

question

Awareness of some element of the surroundings

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Consciousness

question

Set of first psychological lab which moved psychology into experimental science category; said main task of psychology was to study the mind and wanted to examine relationship between sensations experienced and the affect these factors have on judgements

answer

Wilhelm Wundt

question

Concerned with treatment and cure of mental disorders and used psychoanalysis to treat nervous disorders; thought unconscious mind was larger than conscious; believed all neurotic disturbances has origin in some sexual experience

answer

Sigmund Freud

question

Psychological theory with accompanying treatment used to assist ppl with personality disorders

answer

Psychoanalysis

question

Psychological technique where person talks out problems with therapist and therapist uses word association to get patient through obstacles blocking memory

answer

Free association

question

Part of personality that focuses on satisfying basic needs and receiving pleasure

answer

Id

question

Energy within the id which gives attention to goals of attaining pleasure through basic body requirements

answer

Libido

question

Part of personality that's a mediator between Id and superego and external reality; goal is smooth functioning of all parts if personality

answer

Ego

question

Part of personality which gives moral direction, strives for perfection and ideal behaviour

answer

Superego

question

Popularized terms extrovert and introvert; emphasized that goals play important role in directing behaviour

answer

Carl Jung

question

Person is self confident, people oriented, and outgoing

answer

Extravert

question

Thoughtful, shy, withdrawn, caught up in self discovery and personal growth

answer

Introvert

question

Comes form our own past experiences that we were once aware of but have now forgotten

answer

Personal unconscious

question

Region of mind that contains all memories form our earliest ancestors

answer

Collective unconscious

question

Believes persons inner feelings and attitudes can only be known by individual and outward behaviour can only be observed by scientists

answer

Behaviourist

question

Theory that a newborn has no previous thoughts or experiences prior to birth

answer

Tabula rasa

question

Belief that under the right circumstances ppl with become happy and creative and seek growth; ppl are not evil by nature

answer

Humanistic theory

question

Person drifts in and out of sleep and can be awakened easily; eye movements and muscle activity slows

answer

Sleep stage 1

question

Eye movements stop and brain waves slow; occasional rapid brain wave activity

answer

Sleep stage 2

question

Brainwaves slower, occasional bursts of waves; very difficult to wake up

answer

Sleep stage 3

question

Brian produces delta waves; all effects of stage three but no fast bursts of waves

answer

Sleep stage 4

question

Body functions speed up, breathing is rapid, eyes move around rapidly, muscles paralyzed, heart rate increases, blood pressure rises, dreaming occurs

answer

REM Sleep

question

Mastering info or skills that increase one's competence and react successfully to environment

answer

Learning

question

Gathering I go through contacts with others, leisure interests

answer

Informal learning

question

Gathering info through school and other structured lecturers

answer

Formal learning

question

Acquiring physical skills

answer

Perceptual learning

question

Gaining understanding about feelings and emotions

answer

Affective learning

question

Covers thinking, problem solving, and other creative mind processes

answer

Cognitive learning

question

Period of little to no noticeable progress in leaning

answer

Plateau

question

Effect of pervious learning on later learning

answer

Transfer

question

Prior learning is helpful to later learning

answer

Positive transfer

question

Prior learning interferes with later learning

answer

Negative transfer

question

Further studying does not produce extra gains in learning

answer

Diminishing returns

question

Learning sessions that occur on one unit of time

answer

Massed practice

question

Involves type of learning schedule separated by rest periods

answer

Distributed practice

question

Situation where individual learns series of responses in definite order

answer

Serial learning

question

First things learned are remembered more clearly

answer

Primary effect

question

Things learned last are remembered next clearly

answer

Regency effect

question

Learning that takes place without full awareness

answer

Latent learning

question

Collection of items are more easily remembered of they naturally occur together

answer

Natural association

question

Study of structure of learning experiences which indicate now new ideas are absorbed and stored using senses

answer

NLP

question

Acquires data about world through sight

answer

Visual learner

question

Body sensations may be associated with recall of experience; use techniques involving manipulated objects to fix details in mind

answer

Kinaesthetic learner

question

Takes info through sounds; hear original tones and dialogue in their heads when remembering

answer

Auditory learner

question

A concept refers to the meaning a person gives to various objects or ideas, concept formation is to way we build these ideas in our mind

answer

Concept formation

question

Pleasant of favourable factor that increases likelihood of response

answer

Positive reinforcement

question

Removing negative factor that increases likelihood of response

answer

Negative reinforcement

question

When correct response is made, reinforcement is given each and every time

answer

Complete reinforcement

question

When correct response is made, reinforcement is only given sometimes

answer

Partial reinforcement

question

Reward that associated with something that fulfills the actual need

answer

Secondary reinforcement

question

Learning of a particular response when stimulus is present

answer

Classical conditioning

question

Elimination of a conditioned response because conditioned stimulus has been presented many times without reinforcement

answer

Extinction

question

Reappearance of conditioned response after rest period following extinction

answer

Spontaneous recovery

question

Strengthening a response by immediately presenting reinforcement following response

answer

Operant conditioning

question

Personal memories you have for life

answer

Autobiographical memory

question

Our ex pierces through the senses

answer

Synergy

question

Behaviour that's easily observed and measured

answer

Explicit behaviour

question

Behaviour not easily observable by another person

answer

Implicit behaviour

question

Tiny muscular reactions produced while person is thinking

answer

Implicit speech

question

Knowledge and facts, seat of wisdom when making decisions and judgements

answer

Semantic memory

question

Skills one exercises automatically, mental activities that occur spontaneously

answer

Implicit memory

question

Knowledge of specific events

answer

Episodic memory

question

Person processes info by moving from specific individual cases to general principles

answer

Inductive reasoning

question

Person processes info by moving from General principles to specific cases

answer

Deductive reasoning

question

Theory that incomplete tasks are remembered longer than completed ones

answer

Zeigarnik effect

question

Reading disability that affects all language skills

answer

Dyslexia

question

Poor attention span, inability to concentrate for any length of time, accompanied by figeting, and restlessness

answer

Attention deficit disorder

question

Neurological disorder affecting communication and social interactions with people

answer

Autism

question

Behaviour pattern one assumes or a character one plays

answer

Role

question

A person who displays inappropriate behaviour

answer

Deviant

question

Connections people have with each other

answer

Interdependent

question

Position of authority and respect

answer

Status

question

All relatives outside of circle of immediate family

answer

Extended kinship

question

Mother, father and children

answer

Nuclear family

question

Position given automatically at birth

answer

Ascribed role

question

Position give of basis or merit and competence

answer

Achieved role

question

Process of learning to appropriate values and behaviours of the society

answer

Socialization

question

Person establishes if they are male or female

answer

Gender identity

question

Having different values, ideas and perspectives team ppl who are older or younger

answer

Generation gap

question

Combining male and female traits and capabilities

answer

Androgyny

question

Feminine qualities bring valuable perspectives to the management of business

answer

Female advantage

question

Attaining status of full membership after enduring initiation

answer

Rites of passage

question

Person of same ranking and often age

answer

Peer

question

Group of ppl with similar beliefs and values

answer

Reference group

question

Flexible gathering or ppl with common goals and purposes

answer

Crowd

question

Group structured around class lines with strict control over its members

answer

Clique

question

Groups aim is to expand membership

answer

Inclusive group

question

Groups aim is to limit membership to those of special status

answer

Exclusive group

question

Relationships and interactions experienced within group

answer

Group dynamics

question

Control within group to bring changes

answer

Social power

question

Way group thoughts and behaviours change through group contact

answer

Social influence

question

Belief that one is controlled by outside factors

answer

External locus of control

question

Belief that self determination shapes ones destiny

answer

Internal locus of control

question

Group members will be more daring than an individual acing alone

answer

Risky shift hypothesis

question

Group decisions are more conservative than an individual acting alone

answer

Cautious shift hypothesis

question

Individuals assume leadership because they can take charge at right time

answer

Leadership situation hypothesis

question

Ppl assume leadership because they have qualities that make them good leader

answer

Leadership characteristics hypothesis

question

Person who is on an established position of authority in hierarchy

answer

Formal leader

question

Person who has respect from group due to personal attributes

answer

Informal leader

question

Head of group who respects the rights of all members and encourages them to assume responsibility

answer

Democratic leader

question

Head of group who governs with a dictorial style

answer

Autocratic leader

question

Head of group who prefers to avoid direct involvement with group; passive

answer

Laiseez-faire leader

question

Exchanging ideas through written or spoken word

answer

Verbal communication

question

Exchanging ideas through body posture and gestures

answer

Non-verbal communication

question

Fear of outsiders

answer

Xenophobia

question

Process hostages experience when they begin to identify with their captors

answer

Stockholm syndrome

question

Any action that directly or indirectly inflicted harm on others

answer

Aggression

question

Behaviour that ranges form asserting ones personal interests to violent, physical behaviour

answer

Aggression

question

Avoiding confrontations and being led or controlled by someone else

answer

Passive

question

Behaviour such as standing up for ones rights and interests Andy actively coping with disagreeable situations

answer

Assertiveness

question

Act of hiding ones identity and becoming nameless; allows aggression to have tendency to increase

answer

Anonymity

question

Thwarting or blocking of behaviour that will help us reach or goals

answer

Frustration

question

Situation that has two alternative choices that are both positive

answer

Approach-approach

question

The closer one is to an attractive goal, the stronger is the pull toward it

answer

Approach gradient

question

Situations that has two alternative choices that are both negative

answer

Avoidance-avoidance

question

The closer one is to a negative situation, the stronger the pull away from it

answer

Avoidance gradient

question

A situation that has a combo of positive and negative alternatives

answer

Approach-avoidance

question

Effort, strain, intense exertion and pressure form adverse conditions that make demands of an individual

answer

Stress

question

Response that focuses on acceptance or accommodation

answer

Syntoxic

question

Response which takes aggressive approach to handling stress

answer

Catatoxic

question

General state of fear, dread and uneasiness

answer

Anxiety

question

Illness or unhealthy condition brought on by emotional pressures

answer

Psychosomatic illness

question

A behaviour response to conflict or frustration which gives individual some protection

answer

Defence mechanisms

question

Act of pushing out of awareness any thought, feeling or mule that causes anxiety

answer

Repression

question

Refusing to admit or acknowledge a painful experience

answer

Denial

question

Loss of memory due to physical or physiological factors

answer

Amnesia

question

Deliberate, conscious act to cover op a wish or desire with some awareness

answer

Suppression

question

Taking on characteristics or assuming behaviours that are opposite to ones true nature

answer

Reaction formation

question

Making up for shortcoming in one area by focusing on another area

answer

Compensation

question

An excessive attempt to overcome feelings of inferiority and inadequacy

answer

Overcompensation

question

Channeling sexual or aggressive energy into more socially acceptable endeavours

answer

Sublimination

question

Putting blame on others for ones own shortcoming

answer

Projection

question

Taking on the characteristics of others in order to gain acceptance from them

answer

Introjection

question

Adapting behaviour and mannerisms of someone who is admired

answer

Identification

question

Putting off a task to avoid possibility of failure

answer

Procrastination

question

Transferring hostility form original source of frustration to a person of object not directly associated with it

answer

Displaced aggression

question

Justifying ones behaviour by giving false reasons that are more socially acceptable than real reasons

answer

Rationalization

question

Retreating to a less mature, more childish level of behaviour which seems like a safer way to meet problems

answer

Regression

question

Releasing emotional tensions by discussing problems openly

answer

Catharsis

question

Women has intense fear for her safety and her life and may kill husband before he kills her

answer

Battered wife syndrome

question

Deep-seated urge to steal

answer

Kleptomania

question

Compulsive under to set fires

answer

Pyromania

question

Person who continually participates in antisocial acts, feels no guilt or remorse of shame for wrongdoings

answer

Psychopath

question

Parents didn't want child ad child is abused; psychopaths are alienated by parents

answer

Parental rejection hypothesis

question

Deliberate, violent act of sexual degradation

answer

Sexual assault

question

Group that "uses" and controls members in ways that demand strict adherence to loyalty of group often with harmful emotional, psychological and financial consequences to cult member

answer

Cult

question

Psychological disorder characterized by anxiety, guilt and depression

answer

Neurosis

question

Not attached to anything (object, event, situation)

answer

Free floating anxiety

question

Anxiety associated with specific event, object, situation

answer

Bound anxiety

question

Neurotic reaction to extreme stress which disrupts normal association of thoughts, memories and behaviour; cause disruption or split in persons integrated, consistent concept of themselves

answer

Dissociation

question

All or major parts of memory forgotten; personal memories and identity repressed but general knowledge remains

answer

Amnesia

question

Amnesia involving running away from ones familiar surroundings

answer

Fugue

question

Sleep walking disturbance

answer

Somnambulism

question

Being aware of committing violent act during sleep

answer

Non-insane automatism

question

Physical symptoms develop when energy behind repressed emotion upsets smooth functioning of body organ

answer

Conversion hysteria

question

Person who worries about a number of illnesses when there's nothing wrong

answer

Hypochondriac

question

Debilitating fatigue asking 6 or more months, immune system defects, sleep disturbances, low grade fever, painful lymph nodes, sore throat, chills, headache, muscle pain and weakness, depression, inability to perform daily tasks

answer

Chronic fatigue syndrome

question

Persistent, irrational thoughts that repeatedly run through mind

answer

Obsessions

question

Actions that result form strong, persistent urge to engage in particular behaviour

answer

Compulsions

question

Unusual compulsive behaviour of hair pulling

answer

Trichotillomania

question

Compulsive disorder involving motor and voice tics

answer

Tourette's syndrome

question

Severe eating disorder characterized by refusal to eat which results in becoming extremely thin

answer

Anorexia nervosa

question

Eating disorder marked by eating binges alternating with purging through vomiting, laxatives and excessive exercise

answer

Bulimia nervosa

question

Excessive, irrational fear of object or situation that occurs in absence of danger

answer

Phobia

question

First, an emotionally traumatic experience occurs, may trigger feelings of guilt which person tries to repress and therefore unusual fears are usually traceable to early experiences where these situations possessed terrifying hold on person

answer

Conditioning theory

question

Impulses we aren't aware of generate emotional response; person wont allow impulse to be expressed but underlying have emotion remains; anxiety builds and person uses phobia as defence mechanism for protection

answer

Dynamic theory

question

Method of reducing fears by gradually introducing person to situations or objects connected to fears

answer

Desensitization

question

Method of treating fears by forcing person to immediately confront them

answer

Flooding

question

Lingering mood of sadness, pessimism, hopelessness, anxiety; deep feeling of gloom, which causes disruptions in mental and physical activities

answer

Depression

question

Serious pathological state resulting in loss of contact with reality

answer

Psychosis

question

Built in tendency to develop particular behaviour

answer

Predisposition

question

Label of disgrace

answer

Stigma

question

Severe form of anxiety causing person to feel terrified and immobilized

answer

Panic attack

question

Ppl with panic disorders display this; they go out of their way to avoid any experiences that they believe are sensitive to them

answer

Situational avoidance

question

False reasoning leading to false conclusions about what's taking place

answer

Paranoia

question

False beliefs based on inaccurate ideas

answer

Delusions

question

False sense of perceptions based on inaccurate feedback from senses

answer

Hallucinations

question

Condition of emotional extremes between feelings of elation to feelings of despair; cycles depression and mania

answer

Manic-depression

question

Serious form of psychosis involving loss of contact with reality, delusions, dulling of emotions, hearing voices

answer

Schizophrenia

question

Inability to experience pleasure ( common with schizophrenia)

answer

Anhedonia

question

Body reacts to psychosis by freezing in various poses

answer

Catatonic schizophrenia

question

Stage of catatonia marked by constant motion and continual talking

answer

Excited phased

question

Stage of catatonia marked by rigid, immobile and expressionless pose

answer

Stupor phase

question

Injuring the body as means of relieving severe stress and pain; deliberate behaviour that can cause tissue damage without conscious intent of suicide

answer

Self-mutilation

question

Using something sharp like razor, knife, broken glass to cut skin, usually the arms

answer

Slashing

question

Behavioural disorders caused by damage to body parts

answer

Organic psychosis

question

Psychological disorders associated with organic brain damage that occurs in old age

answer

Senile psychosis

question

Type of organic psychosis that occurs when a person is addicted to alcohol

answer

Alcohol psychosis

question

Behaviour disorder of a chronic alcoholic brought on by withdrawal from alcohol and marked by trembling, hallucinations, irritability, apprehensive and confused thoughts

answer

Delirium tremens

question

Auditory hallucinations or hearing voices

answer

Acute hallucinations

question

Behaviour disorder of older alcoholics marked by inability to recall previous experiences

answer

Korsakoff's psychosis

question

Group of diseases of the brain characterized by loss of intellectual abilities (memory, thinking skills), personality changes and deterioration of physical coordination

answer

Dementia

question

Theory that mental disorders are a type of disease arising from malfunction within person; treatment aimed at Channing's patient's behaviour and attitudes

answer

Medical model

question

Theory that mental disorders are a type of disease arising from interaction between person and social environment; treatment aimed at mending relationships within patient's social environment

answer

Psychological model

question

Psychological theory built on ideas from a numbers of different theories; flexible approach, surveying wide range of theories and choosing best ideas form them; various techniques adapted to suit each individual case

answer

Eclectic view

question

Treatment of mental illness by drugs, shock, and surgery

answer

Somatotherapy

question

Treatment of mental illness by sending shock through brain (attaching two electrodes to head and passing electric current through them producing convulsions following coma state)

answer

Electroconvulsive shock

question

Small pattern operated "shock stick" with less electrical current than a pacemaker used, patient put to sleep and given muscle relaxant, electric current produces a seizure

answer

Faradic stimulation

question

Nerve fibres that join hypothalamus and prefrontal lobes severed; dulls emotional responses and may cause patient to feel loss of self-continuity

answer

Prefrontal lobotomy

question

Drugs used in treatment of mental disorders

answer

Ataractics

question

Using psychological methods to treat behavioural problems

answer

Psychotherapy

question

Hypnosis is teamed with therapy

answer

Hypnotherapy

question

Treatment of behavioural disorders with talk sessions and support of group; provides opportunity for ppl with behavioural problems to use empathy and support of small group to resolve conflicts

answer

Group therapy

question

Therapy used by Sigmund Freud to bring repressed memories and hidden conflicts int conscious awareness

answer

Psychoanalysis

question

Expression of repressed feelings and emotional pain through verbal responses

answer

Abreaction

question

Discharge of emotional tensions by verbalizing ones feelings

answer

Catharsis

question

Thoughtful reflection about personal problem

answer

Introspective

question

Observing young children in play situation to determine reasons for their behavioural issues

answer

Plat therapy

question

Persons sense of identity becomes fragmented into many separate ones

answer

Multiple personality

question

Integrating or bring together all parts of personality (MPD treatment)

answer

Fusion

question

Urge to do something based on natural enjoyment of activity

answer

Intrinsic motivation

question

Urge to do something based on promise of external reward

answer

Extrinsic motivation

question

Strong belief that comes true because we make it happen

answer

Self-fulfilling prophecy

question

Being committed to positive, beneficial habits

answer

Positive addiction

question

Your behaviour towards others will be governed by the way you perceive how others feel about you

answer

Social attraction hypothesis

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