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What does social psychology look at?

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everyday behaviors, individuals and groups. Not large groups though. stuff like attraction hate helping, attitudes

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Who said good fences make good neighbors

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Robert frost

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Social Psychology is a branch of or is sometimes incorporated in?

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experimental psychology

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What was the first psychological experiment? What did they find? Who did it and in what year?

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Tripplett 1898 it was on social facilitation. Basically they learned that people perform faster when in the presence of others

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Early text books were published when and by whom?

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Early 1900's and 1920's. English William McDougal 1908, American Edward Ross 1908. Floyd Alport 1924

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When was the first general lab of psychology and wehre

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1879 in germany

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Alport wrote a text book when and what did it focus on?

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1924, how people and their social context interact. BIG ON experiment and social method. He helped establish social psychology in its modern form. but wasn't the founder Kurt Lewin is the founder.

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Gordon Alporn formed what organization and when?

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SPSSI study social issues. looked at applied issues 1936. Looked at stuff reflecting history then like racism and poverty. 30's had depression and Hitler

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Kurt Lewin was when and what did he do

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Most influence, foudning father of Social Psy. Belieived behavior was a function of person and situtation called "person by situation interaction". He was a topological theorist. He was big into "Action research" where they would study X in a problem or situation to understand the context to further understanding of theory and and application. He said there is nothing so practical as a good theory. Immigrated to US bc of war

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Whats person by situation interaction

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Kurt Lewin thought behavior was a function of person and situation so people did F test to determine so

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Who said there is nothing so practical as a good theory?

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Kurt Lewin

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What event was the cataylist for SP

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WWII - perusasion, propagan, group behavior

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Leon Fetcher?

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Cognitive dissonance mad. Founder of Experimental Social Psychology

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60's and 70's SP

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expansion and enthusaism though Gergen in 73 said they were in a crisis of confidence which wasn't belieived. Behaviorism dominated

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Gergen

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73 wrote that SP was in cris of confidence said we didn't do so well in social psychology which others claimed we were unethical Relman 67 or flawed Orne 72 -- (demand characterstics = leading / good person) Miligrm in this time

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Relman

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67 experiments are unethical

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Orene

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62 experiments are flawed by demand characterstics

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Early SP came out of what tradition?

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Gestalt psychology they were cognitive and perceptual proccessing when behaviorism wa dominant.-- Lewin and Geseen.

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50's and research

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after WWII conformity baby boomers more at school attitude change prejudice

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First gneralion SP when?

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30s and 50's

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when people typically do research what kind do they typically do?

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they use a deductive approach where they start with a theory. Chilidni calls it trapping. you use experiements to tease out effects but they are often small or trivial "epiphenomenal". The good part is they have methodological rigor, test validity, challenge iq, Disadvantage- ephihphenomne, others not as excited bc taken from outside perspective

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whats an ephiphenmenon?

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small trivial findings may be a result of traditional research methods where the findings are as important or relevant to real life

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advantages of the deductive/trapping approach

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methodological rigor, test validity, challenge iq,

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disadvantages to deductive/trapping approach

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phihphenomne, others not as excited bc taken from outside perspective

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What type of research is the basis to the Full cycle approach?

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Scouting which is an inductive approach meaning you start with an observation and then go from there. Advantages include less people using it though some have like Milgrim studies and those on bystander/death. It helps ensure important phenomenon are studied and are relevant- college students can be looked at to see what is interesting. Disadvantage as the scholoary field doesn't always accept it and publish it

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Examples of research initiated by scouting?

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Even a penny will help using united by by Cilinda and schroder 76. 50% more compliance than standard request. Also people give the same amount of money they normally would so mean donations are the same you just get more people

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What are some of the reasons that even a penny will help would work?

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1) excuses made unacceptable/ image maintenance issues - who doesn't have a penny. 2) norm of responsibility - you should help others in need (ruled out through questionnaire looked at perceived need of organization) 3) Social legitimization of a penny (worked too 65,5%) - looked at by saying others have made contributions of a penny and upward 4) Minimal request (yes it's supported the min request makes a difference looked at by seeing if asking for a dollar 46.7%)

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don't need to know lowballing

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k

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What is the full cycle approach and how does it differ from the traditional trappings method

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One it starts with an observation. 3) test what seems important in the control condition in an experiment 3 reconfirms the original observation and conclusion deductive in the natural environment. It differs because it is an inductive theory instead of a deductive approach.the like the other one main difference is where it starts with the inductive cycle approach begins with an observation by with the deductive it starts with the theory

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What is the role of application in the full cycle approach

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It's a bonus or icing on the cake you could use is the full cycle approach and not necessarily be able to apply

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What are the benefits of a full cycle approach

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When you take observations from the real world and study them systematically are more likely to interest people in

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What are the big ideas are great lessons the basic distillation or the essence of social psychology

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One we construct social reality 2) social intuitions are powerful but periolos 3) attitudes and dispositions(personality shape behavior and vice versa 4) social influence shapes behavior 5) some social behavior has a biological basis 6) there is an application to everyday behavior

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One of the first big ideas and social psychology is that we construct our own social reality what does this mean and what examples are other

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Princeton versus Darmoth 1951, self fulfilling prophecy, behavioral confirmation process. People interpret things differently we are all subjective.

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What is the self fufling prohecy and behavioral confirmation biast under we consturcut social reality big ideas?

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not sure. something like weeing is believing we have selective proccessing and come up with explainations

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Princeton versus Darmoth what happenedIn

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1951 at a football game players got into a fight when later asked to view a video and count the number of fouls that was seen each school has subjected bias. Princeton saw more darmouth filesand vice versa -- instance of consturcing our on social reality

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A second big idea includes the social intuitions are powerful but can be bad what are some examples

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Many things they easily come to mind carry more weight and stand out more for instance after 9/11 people were more scared of the airplane's though they are safer. Another example includes representatives heuristics kind alike. Types people tend to look at categories and exemplars representative category sync representative of categories wrongly like someone with poor hygiene might be thought to be computer science major

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What is a representative heuristic

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check on

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A third big idea includes data sheets and dispositions personality shape behavior and vice versa

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Any examples

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A fourth idea of big ideas and social psychology includes that social influence shape our behavior

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examplesSocial norms comparisons conformity and group processes friends and social comparison is done by Leon Fester you check to see if your friends have similar bodies to you he likes the movie but you may ask if they like to

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What is social comparison

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He checked to see if friends have similar values like if you like the movie you want to know they like to to

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Includes that some social behavior has a biological basis examples

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Evolutionary psychology and social euro science offer ideas give more examples

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applications and social psychology

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howRelationship research, influence, jigsaw classroom the double prejudice and discrimination only at Erickson found this out the kids in Texas were multicultural in school and different people were left out so he made learning like a jigsaw or people had to be independent or break task up

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jigsaw classroom

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jigsaw classroom the double prejudice and discrimination only at Erickson found this out the kids in Texas were multicultural in school and different people were left out so he made learning like a jigsaw or people had to be independent or break task up

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Social influences shape our behaviors norms conformity one important thing that really influences with the power of the situation elaborate

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Situations can be but aren't always very powerful like and even a penny example little cues can determine the difference between helping or hurting behavior like in Milgram the other group of people that also pays a lot of attention to the situation is behaviors

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Who said behavior is a function of the person and situation

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Kurt Lewin

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What does the term click whrr mean?

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Click starts the tape or the script with a trigger feature whrr is the behavior that is produced

question

Which group of people study the self, the most

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Humanistic

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What is the self-esteem

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How one feels about the self self worth is an emotional aspect unlike self-concept which is cognitive

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What is self-concept

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How one thinks about oneself beliefs about self includes self schemas and it's more cognitive impaired self-esteem is more emotional

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How does the self developed

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through roles played, through social identities we form, from compairsons, success/failures, how w'ere judged, cullure

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They created the idea of self efficacy and what is it

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Bandura success or failure makes us feel competent or incompetent

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How might others judgment influenced the development of self

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Cooley and the looking glass self and need the symbolic interactionism people define themselves in terms of how others see them

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How might cultural influence shape the development of self

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You be individualistic more personal less relationships you could be collectivistic a more malleable more context of relationships and influences how you see stuff like Nisbet 2003 and the fish study or hazel markus and heejun kin-- asked people choose pen in america 70 choose unique pen in japan 23 choose unique pen

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aSome are trying to have a self-esteem movement with the good and the bad

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Flying the more self-esteem is not always good because it may be unstable. for instances Heatherton and Vohs 200 found HSE that was unstable + narccism led to over reaction to threats

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Greenwald wrote what influential paper about the self

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totalitarian ego, fabrication and revision of personal history written by Greenwald in 1980*he promoted the study itself a considered itself like a dictator with its own biases and controlling the three main biases of self benefactors egocentricity and cognitive conservatism

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Greenwald 1980 thinks of the self like a dictator elaborate

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cognivie biasies and moviate. w control what info we get and listen to. cognitive bias

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3 main baisis of greenwalk 1980

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the three main biases of self benefactors egocentricity and commonsense conservatism

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One of the biases of Greenwald 80 is Beneffectors what is it?

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other 2 are egocentricity, cognitive conservatism. Beneffectors is Itself is perceived to be responsible for desirable outcomes but not undesirable outcomes selective recall. ... Also self serving bias goes into basking in reflected glory by BIRGINg

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elaborate on egocentricity the three main biases of self benefactors egocentricity and cognitive conservatism

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Of knowledge self reference of for example the study of trait adjectives people were called and remember more adjectives when they personally relate it to themselves. Anotehr is what Pelham calls implicit egotism people wind up taking on professions iwth their names in it. Denis maybe a dentist . Dr. REeves eye doc is called Eylar

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Green wald 80 elaborate on cognitive conservatism the three main biases of self benefactors egocentricity and cogntiive conservatism

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The self is resistance, and should change the of schema stereotypes beliefs press appearance

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Important what are examples of greenwald 80 biasis beneffectors

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Self-serving bias attribution error desirable outcomes to self undesirable to others, we think we're better than average especially on subjective measures, we also see ourselves as free her from bias than most others

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Important what are examples of greenwald 80 egocentricisty

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Self reference effect with trait adjectives, unrealistic optimism we think we're less likely to experience negative events and more likely to experience the events and this makes us vulnerable, false consensus effect be overestimate the extent to which others agree with us because of three explanations which are motivational perceptual and false uniqueness motivational and you feel better about your actions and judgments in their normal and correct you would be more likely to think or somebody else likes what you like perceptual easier to recall others information that agrees with you and a false unique as we like to feel our abilities are better than average

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what is false consensus effect And what are the reasons

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false consensus effect be overestimate the extent to which others agree with us because of three explanations which are motivational perceptual and false uniqueness motivational and you feel better about your actions and judgments in their normal and correct you would be more likely to think or somebody else likes what you like perceptual easier to recall others information that agrees with you and a false unique as we like to feel our abilities are better than average

question

The self-esteem movement started where

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California

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What is happening with the self-esteem movement and little kids

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People are being taught that they are not losers they think that since successful people advise Opus Dei but teaching high self-esteem to people help make them successful though this does not work the grades are going down standardized testing is worse is ever been but we're saying we're doing great us were doing great does not happen

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Carol Dweck and self-esteem

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To the experiment were kids were given a puzzle that was really really easy after they were completed people were told either a your awesome RB you tried really hard then you were given a more complex puzzle the people that have been told that they were also were more reluctant to be challenged in the one lose the label the people that were told that they tried really hard or eager to try moreHelps promote self-efficacyAlso came out with a book on mindset

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baumesiter and bushman and what about self-esteem

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Esteem should be made based on achievement violence may result in unusually high self-esteem they did a experiment where people were given a true false questionnaire about self-esteem and then told to write an essay that someone else would judge when people who have my self-esteem were criticized they were more aggressive and blasting a horn of the other person high self-esteem in itself is not terrible thing as unstable self-esteem one that isn't earned people need to learn the Cope with setbacks

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Self esteem correlates with what according to Burmeister

answer

Nothing

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What did the coach said about everybody getting a trophy and self-esteem movement

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It also undermines intrinsic motivation

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High self-esteem coupled with narcissism and the very very very worst

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Unstable self-esteem

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Carl Jung Synocrony class example

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kid got ran over with lawnmower as child. Debating to amputate leg. Man riding bycycle leg got caught child met him life long friends

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Basking in reflected glory

answer

BIRGING is who did it. People will identify win a team wins in sports with the team and wear more colors etc. but if they loose dissociate.

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Tesselar Self Evaluation Model

answer

Tesselar Self Evaluation Model p= (self) o = other2 basic assumptions----self evaluation in part depends on interaction with others---- People are motivated to maintain/ enhance self evaluationReflection or Comparison Process ---Reflection = association with another enhance P self evaluation---Comparison occurs when others hurts SEIn order for O's performance to impact P's performance O'sPerformance has to be good or great Has to be psychological closeness ---Weighting Factor = how relevant performance is to self definition--- If someone who is close to you, performs well, in something you consider important to your self definition (weighted factor) you will do X (path of least resistance) to restore SE1) redefine relevance- piano playing isn't as important to self definition anymore 2) redefine closeness/ friendly feelings-- jealousy..don't like them anymore or as much3) change others performance- sabotage, interfere etc. 4) rationalize your own performance Model is dynamic and changing 1 variable (relevance, performance, closeness impacts the others)

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