American / French / Latin American Revolutions Unit Vocabulary – Flashcards
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Congress of Vienna
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(1814-1815 CE) Meeting of representatives of European monarchs called to reestablish the old order after the defeat of Napoleon.
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coup d'état
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A sudden overthrow of the government by a small group
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Declaration of Independence
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Signed in 1776 by US revolutionaries; it declared the United States as a free state.
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Declaration of the Rights of Man
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Statement of fundamental political rights adopted by the French National Assembly at the beginning of the French Revolution.
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Benjamin Franklin
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American intellectual, inventor, and politician He helped to negotiate French support for the American Revolution.
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Thomas Jefferson
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3rd President of the United States
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Louis XVI
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King of France (r.1774-1792 CE). In 1789 he summoned the Estates-General, but he did not grant the reforms that were demanded and revolution followed. Louis and his queen, Marie Antoinette, were executed in 1793.
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Napoleon
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. Overthrew French Directory in 1799 and became emperor of the French in 1804. Failed to defeat Great Britain and abdicated in 1814. Returned to power briefly in 1815 but was defeated and died in exile. (p. 591)
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Reign of Terror
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(1793-94) during the French Revolution when thousands were executed for "disloyalty"
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Robespierre
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A French political leader of the eighteenth century. A Jacobin, he was one of the most radical leaders of the French Revolution. He was in charge of the government during the Reign of Terror, when thousands of persons were executed without trial. After a public reaction against his extreme policies, he was executed without trial.
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Estates System
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France class system
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Bastille
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Medieval fortress that was converted to a prison stormed by peasants for ammunition during the early stages of the French Revolution.
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Battle of Saratoga
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American victory over British troops in 1777 that was a turning point in the American Revolution.
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Battle of Yorktown
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Last major battle of the Revolutionary War. Cornwallis and his troops were trapped in the Chesapeake Bay by the French fleet. He was sandwiched between the French navy and the American army. He surrendered October 19, 1781.
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Battle of Lexington and Concord
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The first military engagement of the Revolutionary War. It occurred on April 19, 1775, when British soldiers fired into a much smaller body of minutemen on Lexington green.
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scorched-earth policy
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the practice of burning crops and killing livestock during wartime so that the enemy cannot live off the land
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guillotine
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A machine for beheading people, used as a means of execution during the French Revolution.
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Tennis Court Oath
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A pledge made by the members of France's National Assembly in 1789, in which they vowed to continue meeting until they had drawn up a new constitution
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Simon Bolivar
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1783-1830, Venezuelan statesman: leader of revolt of South American colonies against Spanish rule.
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Toussaint L'Ouverture
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Leader of the Haitian Revolution. He freed the slaves and gained effective independence for Haiti despite military interventions by the British and French.
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Napoleonic Code
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A comprehensive and uniform system of laws established for France by Napoleon
