Fossils and the Geologic Column – Flashcards
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What are fossils?
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remains or traces of once-living things preserved largely in sedimentary deposits
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Types of fossils:
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refrigeration, desiccation, tar pits, amber, distillation & permineralization
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What is a refrigeration fossil?
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frozen and perfectly preserved
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What is a desiccation fossil?
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mummification/drying out
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What is an amber fossil?
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fossilized in tree sap
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What is a permineralization fossil?
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organisms turned into rock
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What does fossil formation require?
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unusual conditions; usually with water
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Evolutionists view of fossils:
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long slow process
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Creationist view of fossils:
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catastrophic conditions
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How old do creationists think fossils are?
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4500 years old
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What do fossils provide us?
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a record of the past that we can interpret to explain Earth's history
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Where are old rocks supposedly located?
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at the bottom
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Where are younger rocks supposedly located?
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at the top
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What do most recent rocks contain?
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recent ancestors
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Where is the geologic column completely found?
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nowhere in the rocks; textbooks are only place where we can find it complete
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How are the layers dated?
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with index fossils
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What is an index fossil?
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fossil buried over a wide area but only found in a few layers
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What do they believe about fossils found in the layers?
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that they lived during the geologic age layer that they are found in
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What are examples of index of fossils?
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ammonites & trilobites
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For what age do ammonite fossils give?
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age of rocks containing dinosaurs
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For what age do trilobites give?
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age of rocks before dinosaurs
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What has the most complex eye than any other organism that has ever existed?
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trilobites
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What makes the trilobites' eyes complex?
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double lens & compact eye
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What do evolutionists predict about the geologic columns layers?
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the further back you go, the more primitive they are
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What the problems with the geologic column?
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circular reasoning, misplaced fossils, missing layers, stratigraphic disorder, polystratic fossils & the cambrian explosion
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Why is the geologic column dating based on circular reasoning?
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fossils date the rocks and the rocks date the fossils
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What does misplaced fossils in the geologic column mean?
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fossils that show up in the wrong rock layers
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What does missing layers of the geologic column mean?
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there are places in the layers missing millions of years
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What do polystratic fossils explain about the geologic column?
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that it didn't happen over millions of years but rapidly at one time
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What is the Cambrian explosion?
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life is in seen in the fossil record fully formed, functional & complex; there are no gradual transitions between "simple organisms"
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How Creationist think organisms were buried in the geologic column?
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buried according to "eco-sedimentary zones" and where they lived, not when they lived
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Where did trilobites live?
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ocean floor
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What are transitional fossils?
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fossils that links one kind to another
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What did Darwin predict about transitional fossils?
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we should find many
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Evolution model of transitional fossils
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continuous; transitional forms exist
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Creation model of transitional fossils
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discontinuous; no transitional forms
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What are some supposed transitions?
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Coelacanth, Tiktaalik, Pakicetus & Archaeopteryx
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What is Coelacanth?
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an example of a living fossil
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What is Tiktaalik?
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portrayed as a walking fish (supposed to be the first type
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What is Pakicetus?
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fossil fragments that are supposed transitional form for whale evolution
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What do they believe Pakicetus transitioned from?
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aquatic to terrestrial (was always terrestrial)
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Where is Archaeopteryx located?
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Asia
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What is Archaeopteryx used as?
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supposed transition from reptile to bird
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What are the unique characteristics of Archaeopteryx?
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bill with socketed teeth, claws on wings, vertebrae ended in its tail.
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What Archaeopteryx now classified as?
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100% bird
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What is punctuated equilibrium?
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long periods of no change interrupted with rapid change
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Who first introduced evolution?
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Anaximander and Empedocles
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What did Darwinism propose?
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Gradualism; should find lots of transitional forms
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What did Neo-Darwinism propose?
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gradualism & mutations; should find transitional forms
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What did Post-Neo Darwinism punctuate?
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equilibrium & mutations; should find few transitional forms if any
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What is the Bible's definition of a dinosaur?
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"terrible lizard"
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When was the word Dinosaur created?
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in 1841
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When was the the KJV translated into English?
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1611
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What passage says "behold behemoth"?
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Job 40:15-19
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What did they think behemoth meant?
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hippopotamus or elephant
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What is behemoth most likely?
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a brachiosaur
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What passage is Leviathan found in?
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Job 41
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What is Leviathan?
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Plythiasaur (not a dinosaur)
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Dinosaurs in history:
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dragon legends, petroglyphs, footprint fossils
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What was the first dragon legend?
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Saint George and the dragon
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What are petroglyphs?
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rock drawings in caves or on exposed rocks
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How do they think dinosaurs died?
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asteroid, volcanism, overabundance of mammals, radiation, or flowering plants
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What does overabundance of animals mean?
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over ate or were starved
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What could have radiation done to dinosaurs?
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caused tumors/ sunburns
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What could have the flowering plants have done to the dinosaurs?
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caused an allergic reaction to the pollen
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What did they find in some dinosaur fossils?
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soft tissue and red blood cells
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How long can red blood cells survive?
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they cannot survive for millions of years
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When did the majority of the dinosaurs die?
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during the flood
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Why aren't dinosaurs found with trilobites and man?
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the layers don't tell WHEN they lived by WHERE they lived.
