Geology minerals & rocks – Flashcards
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All of the atoms making up any given element have the same number of
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Protons in the nucleus
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Three of the following ARE true for minerals. Which one of the following is NOT true for minerals?
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They can be a liquid, solid, or gas.
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Which of the following would be considered an energy resource?
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Oil, natural gas, coal and uranium
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Which of the following are the positively charged particles in an atom's nucleus?
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Protons
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Which mineral reacts readily with cool, dilute hydrochloric acid to produce visible bubbles of carbon dioxide gas?
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Calcite
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Cleavage is defined as
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Planes of fracture resulting from weak bonds
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How many cleavage directions does this mineral specimen (Galena) display?
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3
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Which common mineral is composed entirely of silicon and oxygen?
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Quartzite
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Forms of the same element with different atomic mass numbers are called...?
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Isotopes
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Which one of the following mineral groups exhibits a sheet-like silicate structure?
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Micas
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What element is the most abundant in the earth's crust by weight?
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Oxygen
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Which group of minerals are the most abundant in the Earths crust?
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Silicates
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Which of the following describes the light reflecting and transmission characteristics of a mineral?
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Luster
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The most unreliable (variable) diagnostic property of minerals such as quartz is...?
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Color
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A naturally occurring concentration of one or more metallic minerals that can be extracted economically is a(n) ...?
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Ore
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In the following illustration of an atom the object at B is a ...? ((Charge of 0))
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Neutron
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In the atom diagram, A is an ... ((positive charge))
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Proton
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What is the smallest particle of matter that exhibits and defined the distinctive chemical characteristics of the individual elements?
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Atoms
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All silicate minerals contain which two elements?
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Silicon & Oxygen
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The resistance of a mineral to abrasion is known as...?
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Hardness
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Which one of the following is an igneous rock?
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Rhyolite
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Obsidian exhibits a _______________ texture.
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Glassy
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Rocks that contain crystals that are roughly equal in size and can be identified with the unaided eye are said to exhibit a _________ texture.
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Coarse-Grained
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This igneous texture is characterized by two distinctively different crystal sizes.
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Porphyritic
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Select the course-grained rock which is composed mainly of quartz and potassium feldspar from the list below
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Granite
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Detrital sedimentary rocks are classified primarily on the basis of ___________.
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Particle size
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Which rock type is associated with a high-energy environment (such as a very turbulent stream)?
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Conglomerate
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The agents of metamorphism are _____________.
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Heat, pressure, and chemical fluids.
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Coal beds originate in _______________.
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Freshwater coastal swamps and bogs
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______________ is a planar, parallel alignment of different mineral bands in a metamorphic rock.
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Foliation
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The most important mechanical weathering process is ________.
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Frost Action
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Detrital sediments would predominate in all of the following environments except ________.
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Salt Flat
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The most abundant chemical sedimentary rock is _________.
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Limestone
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The common rock produced by the metamorphism of limestone is __________.
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Gneiss
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______________ is a metamorphic rock composed of alternating bands of light and dark silicate minerals.
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Gneiss
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The texture of an igneous rock ________.
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Records the rock's cooling history
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Sedimentary rocks ___________.
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All of the above >>> may contain fossils, hold important clues to Earth's history, may be economically important.
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Detrital sedimentary rocks are classified primarily on the basis of ______.
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Particle size
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Compaction would probably be most significant as a lithification process for __________.
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Shale
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This dense, nonfoliated metamorphic rock is produced most often from sandstone.
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Quartzite
