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Terra-Cotta

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A clay-based unglazed or glazed ceramic, where the fired body is porous.

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Jade

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A green ornamental rock featured prominently in Asian art.

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Cong

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A form of ancient Chinese Jade artifact. (used in ceramics)

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Taotie

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-One of the 4 evil fiends in Chinese Mythology. -A motif commonly found on Chinese ritual bronze vessels.

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Piece-Mold Casting

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Process of bronze casting using a clay mold that is divided into sections, fired, and then reassembled for casting.

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Oracle Bones

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Pieces of ox scapula or turtle plastron which were used for pyromancy

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Guang

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A particular shape used in Chinese art for vessels

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Fang-Ding

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A square or rectangular vessel with four legs and is an example of ritual bronze made during the Shang dynasty

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Carillon

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a set of bells in a tower, played by a keyboard or my an automatic mechanism similar to a piano roll.

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Pictographs

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Pictorial Symbol for a word or phrase

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Ideographs

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A written character symbolizing the idea of a thing without indicating the sounds used to say it, e.g., numerals and Chinese characters..

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Radical

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A graphical component of a Chinese character under which the character is traditionally listed in a Chinese dictionary

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Phonetic

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(of a system of writing) having a direct correspondence between symbols and sounds.

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Bracketing

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A unique structural element of interlocking wooden brackets

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Handscroll

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A long narrow scroll for displaying a series of scenes in East Asian painting and calligraph.

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Calligraphy

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Calligraphy is a visual art related to writing.

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running/semi cursive style

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Cursive style of Chinese characters.

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Pagoda

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a Hindu or Buddhist temple or sacred building, typically a many-tiered tower in India and East-Asia

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Scroll Paintings

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A painting on a scroll in Asian traditions

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Li

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The underlying reason and order of nature as reflected in its organic forms.

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Qi

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Believed to be a vital force forming part of any living thing

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Guan Ware

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High-status stonewares, whose surface decoration relied heavily on crackled glaze, randomly crazed by a network of crack lines in the glaze.

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Celadon

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a grey-green glaze used on pottery.

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Qin Dynasty

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the first dynasty of Imperial China, lasting from 221 to 206 BC.

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Daoism

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a Chinese philosophy advocating humility and religious piety.

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Confucianism

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a system of philosophical and ethical teachings.

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5 Constant Relationships

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The relationship between -Parent and Child -Husband and Wife -Elder sibling and Junior Sibling -Elder Friend and Junior friend -Ruler and Subject

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Tang Dynasty

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The greatest imperial dynasty in ancient Chinese history. It was a golden age of reform and cultural advancement (618-907 CE)

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Amitabha

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The buddha of infinite light.

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Nanchan Temple

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A Buddhist temple located near the town of Doucun on Wutaishan, Shanxi Province, China, built in 782 CE during China's Tang Dynasty.

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Seokguram

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A hermitage and part of the Bulguksa temple complex. Located east of the temple on Mt. Tohamsan, in Gyeongju, South Korea.

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Neolithic Cultures

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-Agriculture based on rice and millet arose independently before 5000 BCE; knowledge of near eastern grains followed about 2000 years later -Vigorous emergence of towns and cities in the Neolithic period.

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Bowl, From Banpo, near Xi'an, Shaanxi. 5000-4000 BCE. Painted Pottery, Height 7".

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-Shallow bowl with turned-out rim found near yellow river. -pair of stylized fish with human faces between

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Line art drawing of mask motif from Cong Tube

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•Large, round eyes •Flat nose •Rectangular mouth •Meaning open to interpretation: supernatural being, deity or dead ancestor?

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Cong. From Tomb 12 of Fanshan. China. 3600-2000 BCE. Jade, height approx. 3.4", width approx. 6.9."

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•Cylindrical tube encased in rectangular block •Found near buried human remains with other jade objects •Technical sophistication evident in refinement and virtuosity of objects

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Covered Ritual Wine-Pouring Vessel (Guang) with Tiger and Owl Décor. Shang dynasty, 13th century BCE. Cast bronze, height with cover 9 3?4", width including handle 12 3/8".

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• Bronze Age ritual pouring vessel in animal forms • Head and body of tiger, rear portion/cover of owl • Geometric decoration combined with suggestive zoomorphic forms • Sense of mystery may correspond to Shang attitude toward supernatural Piece-mold casting

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Set of Bells. From the tomb of Marquis Yi of Zeng, Suixian, Hubei. Zhou dynasty, 433 BCE. Bronze, with bronze and timber frame, frame height 9', length 25'. Hubei Provincial Museum, Wuhan.

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• Carillon of 65 bronze pieces, mostly bells • Each bell sounds two tones, one when struck at center, another when struck at the edge • Lost-wax casting

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Ceramic Soldiers. From the mausoleum of Emperor Shihuangdi, Lintong, Shaanxi. Qin dynasty, c. 210 BCE. Earthenware, life-size.

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•Modeled from clay with individual faces and detailed uniforms and armor and then fired •Tomb's architects tried to match the human world as known to the Qin •Qin established central bureaucracy, divided country into provinces and prefectures, standardized writing and coinage, built roads to link the country with the capital, and battlements were connected to form the Great Wall.

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Han Empire, 202 BCE-220 CE

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•Opening of the Silk Road: land route linking China by trade all the way to Rome •Philosophical ideals of Daoism and Confucianism became central to Chinese thought •Confucianism emphasizes propriety, deference, duty, and self-discipline •Daoism emphasizes individualism, nonconformity, and a return to

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Painted Banner. From the tomb of the Marquess of Dai, Mawangdui, Changsha, Hunan. Han dynasty, c. 160 BCE. Colors on silk, height 6' 8 1?2". Hunan Provincial Museum.

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•Illustrates mythocentric worldview with scenes representing three levels of the universe—heaven, earth, underworld—with portrait of the deceased •Heavenly realm at top in the crossbar •Guarded gate between heaven and vertical stem, which is divided in two with bi •Above the bi is first stage of heavenly realm (deceased is welcomed by kneeling attendants) •Earthly world and underworld beneath the bi •Ritual bronze vessels with food and drink for the deceased •Fish and strange creatures inhabit underworld

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Incense burner. From the tomb of Prince Liu Sheng, Mancheng, Hebei. Han dynasty, 113 BCE. Bronze with gold inlay, height 10 1?2". Hebei Provincial Museum, Shijiazhuang.

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•Illustrated with Daoist legend of the Land of Immortals in the Eastern Sea •Gold inlay outlines the stylized waves of the sea around the bowl •Mountainous island above waves, crowded with birds, animals, and the immortals cast in bronze with inlaid gold highlights.

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A Reception in the Palace. Detail from a rubbing of a stone relief in the Wu family shrine (Wulliangci). Jiaxing, Shandong. Han dynasty, 151 CE. 27 1?2" x 66 1?2".

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•From low relief stone carving meant to teach Confucian themes such as respect for the emperor, filial piety, and wifely devotion •Also contains Daoist motifs and figures from traditional myths and legends •Characteristic synchronism of Han art •Focus on human realm and human behavior, rather than supernatural creatures and divine beings •Conveys importance of emperor as holder of mandate of Heaven

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Tomb Model of a House and Tower. From Tomb 6, Baizhuang, Henan Province. Eastern Han dynasty, 1st century CE. Painted earthenware, height of main house 6'3 1?2"; height of tower 4'2 1?2". Henan Museum.

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•Intended to house the dead in the afterlife •Multistory house with livestock on ground floor and people living in upper stories •Bracketing system to support wide eaves of tiled roofs—became standard element of east Asian architecture (domestic as well as temples and palaces) •Elaborate painting on model shows structural features such as posts and lintels

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