17th Century Dutch Painting – Flashcards
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Dutch Worldview--Scientific Rationalism
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-Ideal, ordered, comprehensible universe -Tangible, observable facts valued -Human anatomy of great interest -Printing press led to increased literacy -Telescope & microscope built in Holland -Astronomic observatory built in Leiden
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Dutch Worldview--Religion/religious painting
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-Calvinistic Protestantism: no church embellishment or decoration, and little music -No painting Catholic subjects -Focus on Jesus's teaching & parables
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Dutch Values--General
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-Exploration, commerce, hard work, and industriousness valued -Personal rights & liberties important
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Dutch Painting
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-Since paintings were not for the church, they were made for personal homes or upper-middle class
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Dutch Landscape Painting
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-In touch with land -Horizontal orientation -Reclaiming land from sea
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Dutch Genre Painting
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-Scenes from everyday life -Meant for homes -Subjects tranquil & well-orded -Great detail used with subjects
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Dutch Still Life
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-Scientific precision -Symbols: empty place=absence
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Dutch Portraiture
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-Most popular type of painting -Commemorates events, etc. -Self portraits: of the artist -Corporate portraits: of all the people in a group or organization
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Judith Leyster -Young, confident -Open lips=statement about profession: art is becoming a separate profession from other crafts -Casual pose -Interacting with viewer through direct gaze
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Self Portrait, 1629
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Judith Leyster -Vanitas-confronts viewer with mortality -Moral tale of drunkenness & debauchery -Symbols: skeleton/skull=fleeting life smoke from cigar=transitory nature
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The Last Drop
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Judith Leyster -Open interpretation -Possibly vanitas: broken chair=like a skeleton old fashioned instrument instead of violin may be seen as wrong
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Young Flute Player, 1621
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Judith Leyster -One of most famous -Stance=shy, innocence, wistfulness -Hair around face, sparkle in eyes, & smile=mischievousness
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Girl With a Straw Hat: http://uploads6.wikiart.org/images/judith-leyster/girl-with-a-straw-hat.jpg (could not attach image directly)
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Judith Leyster -Expressive content is ambiguous relationship with man unknown is man looking for sexual favors? is man her husband?
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Man Offering Money to a Young Woman
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Judith Leyster -Non-human, organic
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Still Life, Fruit: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ab/Judith_Leyster_-_Still_life_with_apples_and_grapes_in_a_wicker_basket,_with_a_roemer_and_ewer_on_a_blue_draped_table.jpg
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Judith Leyster
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Field of Tulips: http://www.cherrygal.com/images/JudithLeyster3.jpg (without the word, 'Bulbs!' ;)
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Rembrandt (history)
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1606-1669 -New psychological depth to paintings -Brought liveliness to genre scenes -Used light to illuminate character, define space, and give life
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Rembrandt -Possibly a self portrait -Artist is in background -Symbolism: Easel is much bigger than the artist=artwork is more important that the artist; Artwork gives a sense of smallness; or self-criticism of art
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The Artist in His Studio
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Rembrandt -Corporate portrait -Facial expressions show intense concentration -Each person w/ unique expression -Light on all faces -Expressive eyes
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Doctor Tulp's Anatomy Lesson
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Rembrandt -Printmaking (etching) -Dark shadows emphasize Christ's halo
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Christ Healing the Sick
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Rembrandt -Wealthy man indicated by clothes and posture -One of finest portraits
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Portrait of Nicholas Ruts
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Rembrandt -Self portrait with Saskia -Did 92 self portraits as a visual biography
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Prodigal Son in the Pub
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Rembrandt -Early self portrait
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Self Portrait, 1629
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Rembrandt -Later self portrait -Life experience visible in face
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Self Portrait, 1660
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Jan Vermeer (history)
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-1632-1675 -Born in Delft -Loved scientific dimension of light -Equated order & light with holiness
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Jan Vermeer -A visual allegory: the arts= painting, literature, music, history, and science -Woman=Clio, muse of history -Trumpet=fame -Book about Dutch painters
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The Art of Painting
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Jan Vermeer -People are dwarfed by landscape -Great sky dwarfs city -Horizontal=stability -Light & color convey character of the city
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View of Delft
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Jan Vermeer -Genre painting -Woman reading letter=love -Map=distant lover -Blue=color of gods, standing for the divine and spiritual
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Woman in Blue Reading a Letter
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Jan Steen -Narrative Painting
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Dancing Couple
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Jan Steen -Shows how children follow their parents' ways
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As the Old Sing, so Pipe the Young
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Jan Steen -Moral tale: easy come, easy go -Mother fell asleep, and family begins behaving badly
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In Luxury Beware
