human anatomy and physiology: chapter 1 pearson – Flashcards
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anatomy
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studies the structure of the body
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Physiology
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studies the function of the body parts
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atom, molecule,organelle,cell,tissue,organ,organ system, organism
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The organization of an organism
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cells
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smallest unit of living things
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tissues
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a group of similar cells that have a common function
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organ
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structure composed of at least 2 tissue types that performs a specific function for the body.
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necessary life functions
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maintaining boundaries, movement, responsiveness growth,digestion, excretion, reproduction and metabolism,
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integumentary system
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system composed of hair, skin and nails, covery external body and protects deeper tissue
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skeletal system
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system composed of bones and joints, protects and supports, provides bodys frame work for muscles
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muscular system
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system composed of skeletal muscles and allows for movements and manipulation of the envioronment
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nervous system
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composed of spinal cord, brain and nerves. control system of the body and responds to changes by activating muscles and glands
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endocrine system
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COMPOSED OF GLANDS THAT REGULATE THE PROCESSES SUCH AS GROWTH AND REproduction
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cardiovascular system
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composed of heart and blood vessels, transports blood which cariies oxygen, CO2 nutrients and waste. pumps blood
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lymphatic system
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composed of red bone marrow, nodes, spleen, vessles and thoracic duct, which disposes debris in the lymphatic stream. Immune reponse.
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respiratory system
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composed of nasal, pharynx, larnx, trachea broncus and lungs, keeps blood supplied with O2 and removes CO2
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digestive system
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COMPOSED OF ORAL CAVITY, ESOPHOGUS liver, stomache, intestines and rectume. breaks down food and absorbs nutrients
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urinary system
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Composed of kidneys, ureter, bladder and urethra, rids the body of acid-based wastes.
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reproductive system
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System that functions in producing off springs
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homeostasis
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the ability to maintain an internal balance even when outside world changes. dynamic state of equilibrium
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nervous and endocrine system
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2 systems most responsible in maintaining homeostasis
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receptor, control center, effector
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3 main parts of homeostatic control
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receptor
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sensor that monitors changes and sens information in an afferent path to control center in negative feedback
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control center
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determines the set point in feedback, recieves from receptor and send infor efferently to effector
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effector
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responds to to feed back from the control center, shuts off or enhances stimulus
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negative feed back
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homeostatic control mechanism that shuts off original effect of stimuli or reduces intensity.
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negative feed back
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body tempertaure and controlling blood sugar are an example of which feed back mechanism?
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positive feedback mechanism
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homeostatic control mechanism that enhances the original stimulus so that the response is accelerates
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positive feedback mechanism
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blood clotting is an example of which type of homeostatic control mechanism
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anatomical position
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body standing errect with palms facing forward and thumbs pointing away from the body
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directional terms
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explain wher one body structure is in relation to another
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axial parts
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makes up main axis of body including head, neck and trunk
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appendicular parts
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consists of limbs
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reginal terms
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used to design specific areas within major body divisions
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abdominal
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trunk inferior to ribs
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acromial
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point of shoulder
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antebrachial
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forearm
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antecubital
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anterior surface of elbow
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axillary
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armpit
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brachial
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upper arm
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buccal
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cheek
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CARPAL
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WRIST
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cephalic
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head
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coxal
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hip
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crural
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leg
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digital
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fingers/toes
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femoral
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thigh
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fibular or peroneal
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side of leg
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frontal
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forehead
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hallux
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big toe
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inguinal
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groin area
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mammary
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breast region
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manus
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hand
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pelvic
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pelvis region
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nasal
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nose
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oral
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mouth
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orbital
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eye
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palmar
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palm
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pateller
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anterior knee
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pedal
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foot
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pollex
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big toe
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tarsal
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ankle
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metatarsal
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top of foot
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calcaneal
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heal
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dorsum
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back
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gluteal
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butt
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lumbar
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lower back
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occipital
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posterior head
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olecranal
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posterior elbow
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otic
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ear
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perineal
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taint
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popliteal
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posterior knee
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sacral
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inbetween glutes
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sural
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calf
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vertebral
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spine
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scapular
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"angle wing"
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superior
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toward the head
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inferior
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toward the feet
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anterior
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toawrd front
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posterior
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toward the back
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medial
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toward the middle line
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lateral
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away from the mid line
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intermediate
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between medial and lateral
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proximal
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closer to the trunk
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distal
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further from the trunk
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superficial
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closer to the surface
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deep
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away from the surface
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sagittal plane
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plane dividing body into left and right (median plane)
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frontal plane
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divides bsy into posterior and anterior (coronal plane)
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transverse (horizaontal) plane
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cross section, divdes body into inferior and superior
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dorsal cavity
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protects nervous system organs and contains cranial and vertebral cavity
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thoracic cavity
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cavity containing the heart and lungs
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ventral body cavity
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cavity containing the thoracic and abdomino-pelvic cavities
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thoracic cavity
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includes the pleural cavity, mediastinum and pericardial cavity
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serosa
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ventral cavity is covered by this double layered membrane
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reproductive, respiratory, digestive, urinary
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4 organ systems that open
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interstitial fluid
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fluid inbetween tissues that supplies organs with oxygen and nutrients
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perietal pericardium
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lines the pericardial cavity, part of the serosa
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visceral pericardium
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membrane that covers the heart
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parietal pleurae
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lines walls in the thoracic cavity
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visceral pleurae
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membrane covers the lungs
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parietal peroteneum
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associated with walls of the abdominapelvic cavity and visceral covers organs within the cavity
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umbilical region
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center most region of abdomen
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epigastic
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superior to umbilical region
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hypogastic
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inferior to the ubilical region in the sbdomen
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iliac region
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located right and lefft to the hypogastic region of abdomen
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lumbar region
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located left and right to the umbiliac
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hypochondriac region
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located left or right of the epigastric region
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synovial cavity
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cavaties including the joints, reduces frictio between bones.
