Microbiology Definitions – Flashcards

Have Cell Wall, DNA & RNA, but lack many enzymes

Invade/Live in Host

Rickettsias - Gram - Rod/Cocci

Chlamydia - Gram - Cocci

Have DNA, RNA & Enzymes but lack Cell Wall

"Fried Egg" Colony Appearence

Do not Gram Stain due to High Lipid Content in Cell Wall

Waxy Coating is resistant to water, chemicals, and RX

Gram + Coccus

NF (oportunistic) that lives on Salt

Produces Coagulase, Leukocidin, Toxins, and Hemolysis

Folliculitis - inf of hair follicle

impetigo - crusty surface vesicles (newborns)

SSSS - deeper infections of impetigo (exotoxin release)

TSS - SQ Infection with exotoxin release (rash/shock (low BP)/Fever/Vomiting)

Gram + Coccus (Aerotolerant)

Beta-Hemolysis, Group A most common

Impetigo - Crusty Surgace Vesicles with Pyoderma (Pus)

Erysipelas - deeper, wound Inf (necotizing fascitis "Flesh-Eating")

Chicken Pox - Upper RTI -; Vesicles appear on skin -; latent Virus in Spinal Cord -; Shingles

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Varivax Vaccine

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Reye's Syndrome - Severe Complication associated with Viral Inf - Aspirin Increases Risk

Measles (Rubeola) -> Upper RTI -> Koplik spots in OC  -> Spotty macular Rash -> Brain -> Slow Inf

Leads to SSPE (Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis)

German Measles (Rubella) - Begins as Mild Upper RTI in Children -> Fain Macular Rash

TORCH - Assay Screens for Rubella Antibody Titer in Women during Pregnancy

Erythema Infectiosum (5th Disease)

starts as Mild Flu-Like S/s -> Lacy Rash on Face

-- Slapped Cheek Discase

Cutaneous; m.o. grows on the keratin of hair, nails, skin surfaces = tinea (Ringworm)

tinea capitis - scalp

tinea barbae - beared area

tinea cruris - groin - Jock Itch

tinea unguium - nails

tinea pedis - athlete's foot

tinea corporis - body trunk

Subcutaneous; m.o. enters through skin wound

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Harder to treat - medications are toxic to human cells as well as fungal infection

NF (Opportunistic) in Mucous Membranes of Throat

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Oral Thrush - Inflammation of OC -; Systemic Disease

Pediculosis - Head lice

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m.o. feeds on blood -; itching -; secondary bacterial inf

Gram - Coccobacillus w/ Capsule

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Childhood Meningitis - Upper RTI -; bacteremia -; Capillary Dmg -; Invasion of the Meninges

Gram - Diplococcus w/ Capsule

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Meningococcal Meningitis - Upper RTI -; bacteremia ; toxemia -; rash ; invasion of meninges

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Droplet Transmission - Epidemic

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High Fever - Convulsions - Death

Gram + Coccus w/Capsule

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Pneumococcal Meningitis - Upper RTI -; Bacteremia -; Invasion of the Meninges

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Most common Adult Meningitis

Otitis Media in Children

Strep are Antibiotic Resistant

Gram + Rod

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Listeriosis - NF for Animals -; Feces -; Contaminate Food and Water -; Human Ingestion

Mild GI Inf -; can produce Hemolysin to spread through out body

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meningitis - invasion of CNS - Immunocompromised Host

Placental route - CNS dmg - Death

Gram + Anerobic/Spogeforming Rod

"Closet Lover" = No Oxygen

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tetanus (lockjaw) - deep puncture wound -; neurotoxic exotoxin -x-; muscle relaxation -; Severe muslce spasms

Gram + Anaerobic/Spongeforming Rod

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Foodborne Botulism - contaminated food -; nerutoxic exotoxin -x-; blocks acetylcholine action on muscle -; flaccid paralysis

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Infant Botulism - infant gut not acidic enough, no NF -; Toxin forms -; "Floppy baby Syndrome"

Acid-Fast Rod

Hansen's Disease (leprosy) -; spread through secretions of infected clients -; skin and nerve inf -; causes:

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tuberculod (neural) form - skin loses pigmentation ; sensation

lepromatous (Progressive) form - large nodules develop with gradual loss of bone tissue

Poliomyelitis - Fecal/Saliva -; Viremia -; CNS -; Kills Nerve Cells -; Paralysis that can reoccur later in life

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(post-polio syndrome)

Rabies - bite/saliva of animal -; PNS -; CNS -; Fatal Encephalitis

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s/s = hydrophobia - fear of water from throat paralysis

aerophobia - fear of air from neuralgia

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Presence of Negri bodies in brain Tissue

Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies - infectious proteinaceious particles enter host via ingestion or transplantation of contaminated tissue -; spongy dengeration of brain tissue

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sheep scrapie ; bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE)

Kuru - Cannibalism

Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CNS Transplants)

Sleeping Sickness (Coma) - fly bites human -; bloodstream inf -; CNS -; Neurological dmg -; Death

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m.o. can have 100(+) different Ag markers in lifetime

Gram - Rods

Opportunistic NF on Body and mucous membranes

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Enter via Wound or Iatrogenic Procedures

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Sepsis - Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrom (SIRS) -; chills ; fever, septic shock -; Low BP, High HR/Resp Rate -; Multiorgan Failure -; Death

Gram + Coccus

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Puerperal (Childbirth) Fever - Inf in uterus -; Peritonitis -; Septicemia

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Rheumatic Fever - Inf of Throat -; Pharyngitis -; Joint Temporary Arthritis -; Inflammation of the Heart valves -; Heart Murmurs (MVP)

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MVP is caused by auto-immune response due to Cross reactive markers of Strep Ag

Gram + Coccus

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Bacterial Endocarditis - dental/body pericing -; Inf in Blood -; subacute inflammation of heart lining ; valves -; Chronic Heart Dmg -; MI

Gram - Rod

tularemia (hunter's fever) - inf animal / tick bite -; lives in macrophages -; septicemia -; invasion of lungs -; Pneumonia

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ID50: 10 m.o. via skin wound / 50 m.o. via inhalation

Resevoir = Rabbit

Gram - Rod

Brucellosis - Ingestion from contaminated meat/unpasturized milk -> fever

Gram + Aerobic, Spongeforming Rod w/ Capsule

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Anthrax - spore encounter via inhalation or ingestion of contaminated meat or unpasteurized milk -; produce toxins -; septicemia and Respiratory Failure

Gram + Anaerobic Sporeforming Rod

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Gas Gangrene - wound -; ichemia at site -; toxins -; soft tissue destruction (necrosis) -; gangrene -; ferments decayed tissue - gas (crepitus)

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Tx: Debridment and Amputation

Hyperbaric Chamber - High O2

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Frequent complication in DM pt with Decreased Peripheral Circulation

Gram - Rod

Bubonic Plague - rats/squirrels -; flea bits animal then human -; "Buboes" (blackened, lymph swelling) ; Fever -; Lung (pneumonic plague) -; very contagious ; usually fatal within 72 hours

Gram - Spirochete

Lyme Disease - deer/mice -; deer tick -; "Bull's Eye Rash" and flu-like symptoms -; cardiac, arthritic ; neurological sequelae

atypical m.o. (Rickettsia)

deer tick -; detroys WBCs -; fever ; flu-like s/s -; leukocytopenia -; Death

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coinfects with Lyme Disease

atypical m.o. (Rickettsia)

rodents, rabbits -; tick -; blood -; fever ; blood vessel dmg -; rash (petechiae) - hemorrhage

Gram - Rod

Cat-Scratch Fever - flea -; cat / cat paws (flea feces) -; cat scratch -; lymph swelling, malaise ; fever

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Linked to Chronic Fatique Syndrome

Infectious Mono - salivary glands -; mild/asymptomatic inf -; B-cell infec -; autoimmune attack - virus remains in lymph system

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Downey Cells -; Swollen lymph nodes, spleen, and liver

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If immunocompromised -; burkitt's lymphoma = common in childhood cancer in Africa

CMV inclusion Disease - Saliva -> mild "mono-like" s/s -> lies dormant in bone marrow, kidney, t-cells, and macrophages

high-risk for immunocompromised -> retinitis or fatal pneumonia

pregnant, nonimmune females -> cerebral palsy in infant

Dengue -> Mosquito -> rash, fever & extreme bone/join pain due to increased amounts of innterferon produced

Yellow Fever - Monkeys -> mosquito -> Fever/Nausea -> Spleen, heart, kidney & liver dmg -> Jaundice -> Death

Hemorrhagic Fever - Fruit bat -> "flu-like s/s -> Liver, spleen & lung necrosis -> hemorrhage -> shock -> death

spread via contact with contaminated blood / body fluids of humans or by fruit bat bite

birds, rodents -> ingested domestic cats -> eggs shed in cat feces -> mild subclinical infection

can cause fatal CNS infections in immunocompromised patients

placental transfer -> miscarriage or severe fetal CNS dmg

Malaria - Mosquito -> infects liver within 30 mins after bite -> high fever, HA, Nausea -> Destruction of RBC

4 distinct phase of life-cycle makes difficult to develop vaccine

swimmer's itch - contaminated water -> skin -> rash

schistosomiasis - contaminated water -> skin -> dmg vessels -> liver, bladder, lungs or brain