question

any negativ echange in a person's health

answer

disease

question

the cause of disease

answer

etiology

question

for infectious disease:
disease is caused by ________ invading a host body. they are the etiological agents of the disease

answer

microorganisms

question

there are many microorganisms living in various places on the body they make up the normal ______
ex: large intestines bacteria

answer

microflora

question

3 types of relationships between the host on bacteria living in that host

answer

commensalism, mutalism, parasitism

question

one of the partners benefit @ the expense of the host (host bacteria relationship):
ex: tuberculosus in the lungs

answer

parasitism

question

the partner is benefited but the other is unaffected (host bacteria relationship)
ex: saprophytic bacteria living off sloughed off cells in the ear and external genitalia

answer

commensalism

question

the host offers benefit to the bacteria and the bacteria offers benefits to the host.
ex: vit B and K

answer

mutualism

question

microflora can protect us from disease by ___________.
our micoflora competitively inhibits the growth of pathogenic interlopers by efficiently using up all available nutrients and O2 leaving nothing for the pathogens. they also acidify the environment

answer

microbial antagonism

question

many bac such as Ecoli produce ___________ which are localized bacterial antibiotics. they kill the invading organism w/ out affecting the bac that produced tham. specific for the bac that produced them.

answer

bacteriocins

question

the pathogen must be present in every case of the disease.
the pathogen must be isolated from the sick host and purified
the pure pathogen must cause the same disease when givien to unaffected hosts

answer

Koch's postulates

question

the pathogen must be reisolated from the newly infected hosts

answer

Kochs postulates

question

a process that is a important way of evaulating the etiology of a disease

answer

koch's postulates

question

the course of disease can be broken down into 5 specific periods

answer

incubation period, prodromal period, period of illness, period of decline, period of convalescence

question

the 1st period and it covers the time between the initial infection and the first symptoms of the disease

answer

incubation period

question

the 2nd periood is when mild sym starts 2 appear.

answer

prodromal period

question

once major symptoms are noted the disease has moved into the _____
immune reponse highesrt here
severity of illness leads to death

answer

period of illness

question

fourth period, symptoms subside. patient can acquire 2ndary illnesses here. ex: oppurtunistic and nosocomial.

answer

period of decline

question

period where patient regains strength and moves on to recovery

answer

period of convalescence

question

diseases that can spread from one to another. ex: tuberculosus

answer

communicable

question

can be spread from person to person.
ex: tetinus

answer

noncommunicable

question

communicable disease that are transmitted on contact like chicken pox or the measels

answer

contagious

question

there are 3 methods available for full or partial control of communicable and contagious diseases

answer

isolation, quarantine and vector control

question

preventing an infected person from having contact w/ the general public

answer

isolation

question

involves seperating from the general population healthy individuals (either humans or aanimals) nwhom may have been exposed to a communicable disease

answer

quarantine

question

an organism that carries a disease from pathogen to host

answer

vector

question

method for controling comunicable disases destruction of vector habitats and inhibition of vector breeding habits and feeding behaviros

answer

vector control

question

the development of disease can be broken down into 5 periods

answer

incubation, prodromal. illness, decline, and convalence

question

such as chicken pox and measels develop quickly but only last for a short time

answer

acute diseases

question

such as hepatits mono, tuberculosis develop slowly but remain for long periods

answer

chronic diseases

question

diseases such as sclerosing panencephalitis fall into the category of

answer

subacute

question

(this disease can have an insidous onset and can take 6-12 m to develop and can be lethal

answer

sclerosing panencephalitis

question

those that remain in the host after initial signs and symptoms disappear and can become reactivatedafter long periods.seen in several viral diseases like chicken pox

answer

latent diseases

question

in persistant tuberculosis infections, pathogens survive in

answer

granulomas

question

bodies made of defensive cells such as macrophages, Tcels, Bcells, dendritic cells, neutrophils, fibroblasts, and matrix components

answer

granulomas

question

how do pathogens survive initial contact w/ cells that are programmed to phagocyse tham

answer

some inhibit the fusion of the phagolysosome by preventing the fusion of the phagosome w/ cellular lysosomes

question

the proportion of individuals in a population who are immuned to a particualr disease

answer

herd immunity

question

in many cases, host defenses wall off an infections and keep it a ________
ex: abcesses or boils

answer

local infection

question

pathogens find a way to move from the original location in a host point called the ____________, here they become far more dangerous

answer

focus of infection

question

when a pathogen has moved from the focus of infection by gaining access to the blood or lymph

answer

systemic infection

question

bacteria in the blood

answer

bacteremia

question

if organisms are growing in the blood this is called

answer

septicemia

question

when bacterial toxins move through the blood

answer

toxemia

question

when viruses move through the blood

answer

viremia

question

infections can be

answer

primary, subclinaical or secondary

question

the one causing the initial acute onset of symptoms

answer

primary infection

question

one in which the symptoms do not appear even though the ionfection is ongoing
ex: polio, hepatitis A

answer

subclinical infection

question

is one that establishes itself in a host weakened by some primary infection.
dangerous cause take advantage of weakened state.
ex: AIDS

answer

secondary infection

question

thyere is a massive leakage of plasma from circualtion that causes the bp to plummett

answer

toxic shock

question

term indicating either patogenic organisms or toxins in the blood.
2 categories: acute and servere

answer

sepsis syndrome

question

is defined by signs of systemic inflammation and organ dysfunction acccompanied by abnormal temp, HR, respiratory rate, and leukyocyte count as well as elevated levels of enzymes and altered cerebral function

answer

severe sepsis

question

occurs suddenly and patients can die w/in 24-48hrs.

answer

acute septic shock

question

disease can be

answer

acute, subacute or chronic

question

remains in the host after signs and symptoms have disappeared but can be reactivated after long periods

answer

latent diseases

question

pathogens such as mycobacterium tuberculosis can cause persistant disease in which infections continue even though the host has a

answer

working immune defense

question

can limit the spread of infection

answer

herd immunity

question

infection can be localized or systemic and can be classified as primary: ________, sublinical:____________, or secondary:________

answer

w/ acute initial symptoms
w/out symptoms
occuring after a primary infection

question

infection can result in

answer

toxic shock or sepsis

question

refers to pathogens growing in the blood

answer

septicemia

question

the 1st mild symptoms of disease are seen in the

answer

incubation period

question

refers to protection by normal bacterial flora

answer

microbial antagonism

Micro 7 – Microbiology – Flashcards

Unlock all answers in this set

Haven't found what you were looking for?

Search for samples, answers to your questions and flashcards