question

Gram -, bacillus enterics, coliforms

answer

Facultative anaerobes
lactose fermentation positive
Escheria Coli
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Enterobactor

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Escheria coli

answer

many strains identified by O, H, K antigens
increase permeability of the intestine wall
gastroenteritis, meningitis, UTIs
has enterotoxins

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Klebsiella

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non motile
capsulated
produces beta lactamase
treat with cephalosporins and amino glycosides

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Serratia marcescens

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motile
normal flora of the mouth, introcued during dental procedure
resistant to antimicrobials
red in color at room temperature
treat with cephalosporins and cefotasime

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Gram - , bacillus aerobes

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Bordella pertussis
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Moraxella catarrhalis
Legionella pneumophila

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Moraxella catarrhalis

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ubiquitous
Opportunistic in the lungs, sinuses, and ears
treat with most antimicrobials except beta lactams

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Legionella pneumophila

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grows in still water then becomes airborne
affects mostly older men
must use selecive charcoal yeast extract
treat with fluoroquinalone + azithromycin

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Bordella Pertussis

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whooping cough
nonmotile
pertussis toxin/ adenylate cyclase toxin increase mucus production
dermonecretic toxin constricts and hemorrhages vessels
tracheal cytotoxin paralyzes cilia
not a true treatment
prevention in Tdap vaccine

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Pseudomonas aeruginosa

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ubiquitous
flagella and biofilm formation
neuraminadase helps with adherence
exotoxin A/ enzyme S inhibit protein synthesis
common in immunocomprimmised
can pump penicillin out
fruity smell
no lacctose fermentation, catalase +, oxidase +
need combination of antimocrobials

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Gram - , bacillus enterics, non coliforms

answer

lactose fermentation negative
facultative anaerobes
proteus
morganells
providencia
edwardsiells

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edwardsiella

answer

UTI

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proteus

answer

antimicrobial resistant
UTI

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morganella

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UTI

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providencia

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becoming more resistant
UTI

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Gram -, bacillus enterics, true pathogens

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lactose fermentation negative
facultative anaerobe
salmonella enterica
salmonella typhi
shigella
yersenia pestis

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yersenia pestis

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need reservoir or amplifying host
bubonic plague has bubose and can have necrosis because of C. perfringes
can lead to baceremia and disseminates intravascular coagulation (DIC)
pneumonic plague is more deadly and creates pulmonary distress

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Salmonella enterica

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many strains
found on eggs
ID₅₀ > 1,000,000
produces H₂S and turns HE agar dark color

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Salmonella typhi

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part of salmonella enterica
ID₅₀ = 1,000- 10,000
fecal/ oral spread
causes ulcerations of theintestines
causes typhoid fever
treat with ampicillin, ciprofloxacin, and remove gall bladder (causes reinfection)

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Shigella

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sinilar to salmonella
non motile
oxidative -
does not produce H₂S
ID₅₀- 200
shiga toxin stops protein synthesis
treat with sulfanomides and penicillin

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Gram - , cocci

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diplococci
oxidase positive
aerobic
Lipid A endotoxin
neisseria gonorrhea
neisseria meningitidis

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Neisseria gonorrhea

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most common in younger generation (women mostly)
has fimbriae
survives in neutrophils
can cause epididymitis and pelvic inflammatory disease
eye drops with erythromycin given to newborns
many strains, treat with cephalosporin
prevention by education

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Neisseria meningitidis

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normal flora of upper respiratory tract
infects children and young adult
has adhesins and fimbriae
very deadly
sudden fever, sore throat, headache, stiff neck, vomitting and convulsions
causes septicemia
treat with IV ceftriaxon

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Obligate intracellular

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die quickly without host because they are too small
rickettsia rickettsii
rickettsia prowazekii
rickettsia typhi
chlamydia trachomatis

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Rickettsia rickettsii

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vectors are ticks
causes rocky mountain fever
note worthy symptoms are rash starting on hands and feet
associated with outside activity

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Rickettsia prowasekii

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vector is lice
excreted in feces/body fluid of lice
high fevers that cause hallucinations
rash starts on trunk then spreads

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rickettsia typhi

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murine/ mexican typhis
vector is fleas
rash on trunk
not very virulent

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Chlamydia trachomatis

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transmitted by sexual contact
can cause trachoma (ocular disease)
lacks cell wall which allows for intracellular division
reticulate body- multiplies
elementary body - infective
breaks down tissue and creates hyoersensitive reaction
test urine sample
treat with erythromycin and tetracycline but reinfection is likely

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Spirochetes

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treponema pallidum
borrelia burgdorferi
borrelia hermsii
borrelia recurrentis
leptospira interrogans

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Treponema pallidum

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endoflagella allows corkscrew effect
sexually transmitted
"great imitator"
primary syphillis- fors chancres
secondary- causes rash and other symptoms
tertiary- gummas (tumor like growths)
treatment is penicillin

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Borrelia burgdoferi

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lyme disease
vector is deer tick
causes bulls eye rash
stage 3 is caused by autoimmune response
prevention is DEET
treat with penicillin
only nymph and adult stage infect

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borrelia hermsii

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vectors are deer ticks
most common cause of relapsing fever

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borrelia recurrentis

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vector is louse
epidimic of relapse fever

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leptospira interrogans

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hook appearance
grows in kidneys and released in urine
does not stain well, antibody test is best
seasonal disease
treat with penicillin

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Vibrio, bacillus

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O polysacchrides antigens
polar flagella
vibious cholera
campylobacter jejuni
helicobacter pylori

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vibrio cholera

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contaminated food
can survive in fresh water
rice water stool (white flecked diarrhea)
fluid loss can be up to 1 L in 1 hour
treat with doxycycline

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campylobacter jejuni

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causes gastroenteritis
need charcoal based agar to test
causes Guillain Barre syndrome which paralyzes ground to brain
causes bloody stool
supportive care needed

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Helicobacter pylori

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burrows into stomach
erodes lining causing ulcers
breath test used
urea containung radioactive carbon substance ingested> urea broken down by bacteria> carbon released> absorbed by blood> taken to lungs> breathed out
produces urease
treat with metronidazole+tetracycline+ anti diarrheal/acid reducers

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