Microbiology Chapter 12 Flashcard
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| mycology |
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| the study of fungi |
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| characteristics of fungi |
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| eukaryotic, multicellular except yeast, reproduce sexually and asexually, ave sterols in membranes, cell walls made of glucans, mannans and chitin |
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| thallus |
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| body of the organism |
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| hyphae |
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| appendages off the thallus |
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| mycelium |
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| a mass of hyphae |
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| septate |
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| individual cells are divided by septae which are porous so the cytoplasm is continuous |
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| coenocytic |
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| lack a septum |
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| dimorphic fungi |
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| two forms; yeast at 37 and mold at 25 |
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| sporangiospores |
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| asexual; collection of spores in a cluster, spores come off of the sporangiophore |
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| conidiospores |
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| asexual; conidia are the spores stuck together in a sting connected to the conidiopher (stem) |
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| blastoconidia |
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| asexual; have pseudohypha with blastoconidia spores on the tips |
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| chlamydoconidia |
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| asexual; pseudohyphal growth falls off the clamydoconidium |
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| plasmogamy |
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| haploid donor cell penetrates cytoplasm of recipient cell |
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| karyogamy |
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| the nuclei fuse and form a diploid zygote |
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| meiosis |
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| diploid nuleus produces haploid nucleu to start all over |
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| zygospore |
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| sexual; fusion of haploid cells |
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| ascospore |
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| sexual; formed in a sac |
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| basidiospores |
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| sexual; spores off main body of the fungus on pedestals (basidium) |
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| zygomyota |
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| coenocytic; produce sporangiospores and zygospores; undergo conjugation |
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| ascomycota |
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| septate hyphae; ascospores and conidiospores; sexual AND asexual spores; sac fungi |
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| basidiomycota |
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| septate hyphae; basidispores and some conidiospores; club fungi; ex: cryptococcus neorormns causes systemic mycosis |
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| anamorphs |
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| asexual spores only; ex: penicillium |
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| systemic mycoses |
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| fungal infctions deep wihtin the body that affect many tissues and organs |
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| subcutaneous |
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| fungal infections beneath the skin |
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| cutaneous |
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| affect tissues such as hair, nails and skin |
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| superficial |
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| localized on hair shafts and superficial skin cells |
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| opportunistic |
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| cause by normal flora that if in the right circumstances cause a systemic dieas |
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| economic effect of fungi |
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| foods, kills termites, |
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| characteristics of protozoa |
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| unicellular, eukaryotic chemoheterotrophs |
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| fission yeast |
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| reproduce by binary fission; used in experiments because they are haploid |
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| budding yeasts |
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| reproduce by budding; leave a scar on parental cell; used for fermentation and bread |
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| trophozoite |
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| vegetative form of a protozoa |
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| asexual reproduction of protozoa |
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| fission, budding or schozogony |
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| conjugation in protozoa |
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| 'intimate contact' and macro and other micro from the cells fuse for recombination causing the cells to be 'fertilized' |
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| archaezoa |
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| lack mitochondira and have flagella; ex: trichomonaas vaginalis and giardia |
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| amoebozoa |
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| ex: entamoeba |
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| Apicomplexa |
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| include plasmodium (malaria with mosquitos as intermediate) and cryptosporidium (waterborne and transmitted by fecal oral route) |
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| Apicomplexa |
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| include plasmodium (malaria with mosquitos as intermediate) and cryptosporidium (waterborne and transmitted by fecal oral route) |
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| Characteristics of helminths |
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| animalia; multicellular; obligate parasites; elaborate life cycles; reduced digestive system, reduced locomotion, reduced nervous system and complex reproduction |
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| phyla of helminths |
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| platyhelminthes (flatworms) with trematodes and cestodes and nematoda (roundworms) |
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| monoecious |
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| hermaphroditic with male and female reproductive systems in on animal |
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| dioecious |
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| separate male and female |
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| sexual dimorphism |
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| male and female look different; ex: pinworm |
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| trematodes |
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| flukes; have oral and ventral suckers to attach, complex reproduction |
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| cestode |
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| taprworm; has scolex to latch on to wall nd proglittids |
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| proglottids |
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| segements with male and female parts that shed off tapeworm |
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| humans as the definitive host |
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| beef tapeworm with cattle as intermediate |
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| humans as the intermediat hose |
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| exhinococcus granulosus with the dogs, wolves and foxes as definitive |
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| vector |
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| arthropods taht carry disease; ex: oxides cause lyme disease |
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| transmission |
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| mechanical transmission; biological transmission-microbe multiplies in vector; and definitive host- microbes sexual reproduction in vector |
