Basu unit 5 – Flashcards
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| Salmonella Diseases |
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| Salmonella Gastroenteritis (Salonellosis) Typhoid Fever |
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| Slamonella is...? |
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| A gram negative bacterial rod. |
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| Slamonellosis (Gastroenteritis)- Transmission |
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| Uncooked poultry (most likely) Eggs Cross-contaminated food |
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| Salmonella Gastroenteritis (Salmonellosis) - Pathogenesis |
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| Incubation 12-48 hours Ingestion -> bacteria multiplies in intestinal mucosa |
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| Who is Salmonellosis most dangerous to? |
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| Infants and elderly Self limiting in healthy people |
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| Typhoid fever - causal agent |
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| Salmonella typhi (gram negative rod) |
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| Typhoid fever - pathogenesis |
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| Incubation 1-3 weeks Ingestion -> infects intestines -> bacteremia -> abdominal organs |
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| Typhoid fever - specialized symptoms |
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| Enlarged liver/spleen, enlarged and tender abdominal cavity. Can have healthy carriers - survivors carry for life in gall bladder |
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| Bacilliary dyssentary (Shigellosis)- causal agent |
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| Gram negative bacterial rod Shigella sonnei |
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| Bacilliary dyssentary (Shigellosis) - pathogenesis |
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| Ingestion -> infects intestines |
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| Bacilliary dyssentary (Shigellosis) - speciaized symptoms |
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| SEVERE diarrhea (mucus/pus/blood) Many healthy carriers |
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| Bacilliary dyssentary (shigellosis) - who is most susceptible? |
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| Kids 1-4 therefore can be outbreaks in nurseries/daycare |
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| Cholera - causative agent |
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| vibrio cholerae - gram negative curved rod |
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| Cholera - transmission |
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| infected water or shrimps |
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| Cholera - pathogenesis |
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| Unusual enterotoxin causes extreme excretion of liquids from small intestine |
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| Cholera - complications |
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| 10-20 liters of 'ricewater' stools explelled per day stools can have tissue debris leads to dehydration and shock can cause low BP |
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| E. coli Gastro enteritis (traveller's diarrhea)-causal agent |
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| enteroinvasive E. coli sometimes Shigella, salmonella or campylobacter |
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| Travellers diarrhea (gastroenteritis) - transmission |
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| unfamiliar tap water |
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| Travellers diarrhea (gastroenteritis) - pathogenesis |
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| ingestion -> intestines short illness 1-2 days of mild to severe diarrhea |
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| Ulcers - two kinds |
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| gastric and duodenal |
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| Ulcers - causative agent |
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| Helicobacter pylori bacterial gram negative |
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| Ulcers - specialized symptoms |
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| Burning of stomach lining produce urease infects mucosa causing ulcerations can be linked to stomach cancer |
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| Bacterioides (anaerobic infections) - causal agent |
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| Bacterioides fragilis - gram negative obligate anaerobe from normal flora (upper respiratory, intestines, vaginal tract) |
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| bacterioides 3 types |
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| Intra-abdominal (surgery/trauma) Pelvic abcess (giving birth/abortion) Cellulitis (necrosis and gangreen) |
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| Diannhea by Clostridium difficile - defining factors |
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| Foul, striking odor nosocomial diarrhea so severe may perforate large intestine |
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| E. coli food infection |
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| contaminated meat, milk, unpasturised fruit, juice, lettuce, water.. person to person Causes heloyitic uremic syndrome in children effects kidneys |
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| Campylobacter gastroenteritis |
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| Gram negative spirochetes poultry, meat, raw milk, water 1-3 days incubation lasts for a week self limiting |
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| Yersinosis |
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| Yersinia entercolitica Gram negative bacterial rod normal flora cytotroph- survives refridgerator meat, milk, person to person sometimes confused with apendicitis |
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| Vibrio paramythicus |
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| infected seafood/shellfish 24hrs incubation burning sensation/cramps |
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| Bacillus cereus |
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| gram POSITIVE raw dry food ( rice, legumes,lentil, soil) 1-2 hr incubation survive cooking |
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| Staphylococcus aureus |
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| food poisoning for 24 hrs from food handlers (sandwiches salads etc) |
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| Botulism |
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| Clostridium botulinum food/wounds gram POSITIVE obligate anaerobe potent neurotoxin - neuromuscular junction canned foods survivors have brain damage causes double vision, gradual paralysis, respiratory arrest |
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| Botulism in babies |
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| floppy baby syndrome from honey toxemia weak sucking/swallowing |
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| Clostridium perfringes |
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| gram positive grows in left out food (thanksgiving) mild 24-48 hrs |
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| Listeriosis |
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| Lysteria monocytogenes gram positive bacteria monocytes increase cytogenic (survive refrigerator) mainly in immunosuppressed/cancer/pregnant neonatal listerosis - miscarriage/stillbirth septacemia, menengitis 60% mortality rate |
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| STD syphilis |
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| Treponema pallidum - spirochete motile, does not stimulate defenses four stages: primary - chancre (hard, painless) secondary - hairloss, malaise, low fever, rash latent - silent - asymptomatic tertiary - incurable/terminal delayed hypersensitivity - GUMMAS defects if infect fetus across placenta (congenital syphilis) |
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| Gonnohrea |
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| most common nisseria gonorrhoeae males : urethritis/destroy reprodictive female : many asymptomatic can lead to PID which leads to infertility can be systemic |
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| opthamalia neonatum |
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| gonnorhea eye infection in newborm |
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| Nongonnococcal urethritis |
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| chlamydia trachomatis/ ureplasma urealticum mirrors gonorrhea |
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| Genital herpes |
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| Herpes simplex virus type 2 (sometimes type 1 but rare) painful fluid filles legions - burst/scab over latent/recurrent at same site can be fatal/cns damage/blindness |
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| Genital warts |
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| human papilloma virus DNA virus external or internal males have dry infection (grey and hard) irregularities on pap smear connected to penial and cervical cances |
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| HIV/AIDS |
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| retrovirus body fluid transfer (not airborne or fomites) can test positive after 6mo A- lymphodenopathy/ malaise B- Opportunistic infections C- Clinical AIDS- tcell below 200 count- reactivation of latent disease Kaposis sarcoma (spots) Pneumocystis pneumoniae often cause of death |
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| Septecemia |
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| gram neagative, occasionally gram positive blood poisoning lymphangitis - streaks from endotoxin do not use antibiotics |
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| Lyme disease |
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| most common tick disease gram negative spirochetes Borrelia burgdorferi deer/mice often disseminates 1 - bullseye rash 2 - doesnt always occus (myocarditis, muscle pain, neurological symptoms) 3 - late (mo-yrs later) arthritis, chronic |
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| Rocky mountain spotted fever |
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| Rickettsia rickettsi - intracellular pathogen ticks/tick eggs rash -> heart -> kidneys -> organ failure 20% mortality rate |
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| Plague |
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| Black death zoonosis killed 25% of population Yersinia pestis - gram negative rod Bubonic or Pneumonic |
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| Infectious mononeucleosis |
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| Epstein barr virus - latent 1 yr contagious lymph is 25% above mormal enlarged spleen/liver reactivate in immunosupressed |
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| Anthrax |
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| Bacillus anthracis gram Positive cutaneous - contact w/ wool/leather - woolsorters disease pulomary - inhalation, high mortality |
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| Filovirus |
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| coiled ball thread virus (single strand) marbug - germany - green monkeys Ebola - zaire and sudan - 1976 - 1995 |
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| Ebola virus |
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| RNA filovirus clots shut off blood supply liquifies collagen - causes rips bleeding from all orifaces |
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| Mumps |
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| Viral paramyxo RNA infects parotid gland under ear orchitis/pancratitis/meningitis |
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| Viral gastroenteritis |
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| Rota RNA virus NVD Rotavirus most responsible for enteritis in children |
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| Cytomegalo virus |
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| Huge cells b/c inclusion bodies herpes virus latent in tcells/macrophages severe to immuno supressed and children (pneumonia/blindness) |
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| Viral hepatitis - general symptoms |
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| Anorexia NVD fever headache fatigue abdominal pain jaundice - Virus varies in type and severity |
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| Hep A |
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| fecal-oral Naked RNA Contagious No liver disease |
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| Hep B |
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| most severe enveloped DNA blood dibilitating oncogenic |
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| Hep C |
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| Enveloped RNA blood chronic decades for symptoms to develop |
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| Hep D |
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| Needs Hep B to form envelope Enveloped RNA parenteral relapses |
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| Hep E |
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| fecal-oral Naked RNA complications in pregnancy - 25% mortality for mother |
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| Meningecoccal meningitis |
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| nisseira minigedites gram negativ diplococcus nasopharynx petichial rash schwartzmann phenomenon (purple spots) |
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| Haemophilius meningitis HiB |
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| Gram nevative encapsulated common in infant no schwartzmann deafness/retardation 6% mortality leading cause of retardation |
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| Pneumococcal meningitis |
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| Strep pneumoniae gram Positive healthy carriers no schwartzmann 26% mortality rate primary infants/newborn, secondary toddlers |
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| Leprosy |
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| hansens disease tropical likes warm temp Mycobacterium leprae acid fast 5-15 yr incubation intracellular |
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| Tuberculoid leprosy |
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| pale nodules, loos of sensation, non contagious |
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| Lepromatous leprosy |
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| lepromas (nodules) all over lion face progressive VERY contagious no CMI develops |
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| Viral meningitis |
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| aseptic echo virus less severe self llimiting |
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| Polio |
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| Naked RNA pico virus fecal-oral 14 day incubation lymph - viremia - CNS post - 25-35 years after reactivated |
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| non paralytic poio |
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| common stops at lymph self limiting mild |
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| paralytic polio |
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| anterior horns of spinal cord destroys motor neurons |
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| Bulbar polio |
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| medulla/respiratory center Iron lung paralysis |
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| Rabies |
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| zoonosis RNA rhabdo virus animal bites/saliva |
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| Furious rabies |
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| animals unusual aggresion/behavior foaming/cant swallow paralysis dogs |
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| Paralytic (dumb) rabies |
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| cats lethargic/non responsive aggressive if provoked gradual paralysis |
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| Human rabies |
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| fatal encephalytis hydrophobia need anti globulin immediately |
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| Arthropod encephalitis |
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| Epidemic insects (mosquitos) Arbovirus Eastern equine most rare and severe western, st louis, california wide range of symptoms |
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| West nile Encephalitis |
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| effects crows mostly RNA flavi virus Dangerous to elderly (neurological damage) |
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| Prions |
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| protien no nucleic acid long incubation damage CNS no fever or inflammation spongy brain |
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| Creutzfeldt - jacob |
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| prion rare transplants/injection of growth hormone odd proteins get from open wounds |
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| Kuru |
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| prion cannibals in new guinea brain tissues ingested |
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| Mad Cow |
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| CDJ prion cows eat sheep parts with scrapies 1st found in england acquired from beef |
