Bacteria – Microbiology Questions And Answers – Flashcards
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| Listeria monocytogenes |
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| gram + aerobe primarily affects those with a weakened immune system often caused by contaminated food |
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| Staphylococcus aureus |
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| gram + aerobe gold on agar most virulent produce penicillinase mediated by plasmids MRSA: PBP, encoded in chromosome toxins: Ritter's and scalded skin deep lesions (abcess), furunculosis, carbuncle, bullous impetigo, paronychia |
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| Clostridium tetani |
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| gram + anaerobe tetanus neurotoxins cause "rigid" paralysis |
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| Staphylococcus epidermidis |
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| gram + aerobe normal skin flora white on agar diseases with immunocompromised, violation of natural barriers, and implantation of foreign devices |
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| Trichomonas vaginalis |
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| other anaerobic flagellated protozoa most common pathogenic protozoan infection STD of urethra/vagina pneumonia, bronchitis, oral lesions, predispose to HIV/AIDs, cervical cancer |
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| Klebsiella pneumoniae |
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| gram - aerobe rod-shaped non-motile encapsulated normal flora of mouth, skin, intestines nosocomial infections generally weakened immunity pneumonia, UTIs, bacteremia multiple drug resistance |
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| Clostridium botulinum |
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| gram + anaerobe botulism neurotoxins cause "flaccid" paralysis |
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| Salmonella typhi |
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| gram - aerobe true pathogen endotoxin producer capsule multiple methods of drug resistance typhoid fever-highly fatal if untreated |
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| Pseudomonas aeruginosa |
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| gram - aerobe found most everywhere (skin, soil, water,etc.) rod-shaped opportunistic can be found on medical equipment (ex. catheters) immunocompromised infects pulmonary tract, urinary tract, burns, wounds, blood infections resistant to many antimicrobials |
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| Treponema pallidum |
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| other true pathogen STD: syphilis |
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| Streptococcus pyogenes |
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| gram + aerobe Group A, beta hemolytic immunologic sequella necrotizing fascitis, wound/burn infections, peurperal infection, pharyngitis, impetigo, erysipelas, cellulitis, scarlet fever |
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| Mycobacterium tuberculosis |
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| other tuberculosis |
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| Clostridium difficile |
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| gram + anaerobe exotoxin A causes diarrhea exotoxin B is cytotoxic superinfection of intestines, wipes out normal flora pseudomembranous enterocolitis |
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| Legionella pneumophilia |
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| gram - aerobe atypical pneumonia: fatal in elderly/immunocompromised water contamination |
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| Streptococcus agalactiae |
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| gram + aerobe Group B, beta hemolysis leading cause of pneumonia, sepsis and meningitis during first 2 months of life treatment: penicillin and aminoglycoside |
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| Citrobacter |
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| gram - aerobe Enterobacteriaceae found almost everywhere including intestine rarely cause illness except UTIs, infant meningitis, sepsis |
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| Salmonella |
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| gram - aerobe Enterobacteriaceae rod-shaped motile-flagella typhoid fever, foodborne illness |
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| Klebsiella |
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| gram - aerobe rod-shaped pneumonia, UTIs, septicemia, ankylosing spondylitis, soft tissue infections |
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| Streptococcus pneumoniae |
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| gram + aerobe no Lancefield classification alpha hemolysis many strains very sensitive to penicillin upper respiratory infections, other most common cause of bacterial pneumonia and bacterial meningitis |
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| Yersinia pestis |
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| gram - aerobe true pathogen bubonic plague: fever, chills, bacteremia, sepsis, gangrene |
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| Proteus |
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| gram - aerobe Enterobacteriaceae rapid swarming growth on agar |
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| Mycoplasma pneumoniae |
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| other obligate parasite atypical bacterial pneumonia no cell wall |
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| Ureaplasma urealyticum |
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| other part of normal genital flora no cell wall non-specific urethritis, infertility, chorioamnionitis, stillbirth, premature birth, in perinatal period: pneumonia, meningitis, bronchopulmonary dysplasia |
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| Clostridium perfringens |
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| gram + anaerobe gas gangrene exotoxins destroy skin, soft tissue and muscle |
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| Acinetobacter |
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| gram - aerobe multiple drug resistance nosocomial pneumonia (ventilator) and bacteremia |
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| Enterococcus faecium |
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| gram + aerobe opportunistic gamma hemolysis normal GI tract inhabitant cause UTIs, wound infections, endocarditis can be very resistant (VRE) |
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| Salmonella enteriditis |
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| gram - aerobe true pathogen multiple drug resistant watery diarrhea, fever, N, usually self-limiting, bacteremia occasionally transmitted fecal/oral, contaminated food |
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| Proteus mirabilis |
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| gram - aerobe indole + UTIs, urolithiasis, nosocomial infections flagella-swarming |
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| Serratia marcescens |
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| gram - aerobe rod-shaped some red-pigment strains multiple drug resistant UTIs, nosocomial pneumonia and bacteremia, infective arthritis |
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| Moraxella catarrhalis |
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| gram - aerobe occurs natually in nasal cavity COPD, CAP, acute otitis media, sinusitis, urethritis, invasive diseases in immunocompromised |
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| Neisseria gonorrhea |
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| gram - aerobe blindness in newborns STD: some people asymptomatic |
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| Pneumocystis jiroveci (carinii) |
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| other common in environment fungus affects those with weakened immune system causes pneumonia |
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| Neisseria meningiditis |
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| gram - aerobe can be harmless normal flora meningitis, sepsis vaccine serotypes A, B, C, Y, and W135 most clinical disease serotypes B & C about 75% of outbreaks Waterhouse-Friderickson syndrome: adrenal gland destruction transmission by droplet nuclei mortality 100% if untreated |
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| Mycobacterium avium-intracellularae |
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| other common in environment immune compromised |
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| Chlamydia trachomatis |
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| other STD: most frequently reported bacterial STD in U.S. often no symptoms intracellular pathogen can cause reproductive/health problems |
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| Escherichia coli |
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| gram - aerobe Enterobacteriaceae normal intestinal flora rod-shaped |
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| Enterococcus faecalis |
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| gram + aerobe opportunistic gamma hemolysis normal GI tract inhabitant cause UTIs, wound infections, endocarditis can be multiple drug resistant |
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| Bacteroides fragilis |
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| gram - anaerobe most abundant bacteria of lower GI tract instrumental in development of intraabdominal abcesses |
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| Helicobacter pylori |
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| other ulcers and chronic gastritis |
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| Serratia |
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| gram - aerobe Enterobacteriaceae rod-shaped produce red pigment tend to colonize respiratory and urinary tracts |
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| Hemophilus influenzae |
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| gram - aerobe rod-shaped most opportunistic bacteremia, pneumonia, meningitis in infants/young children Hib vaccine |
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| Bacteroides melanogenicus |
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| gram - anaerobe found in oral cavity and upper respiratory tract dental, sinus, pulmonary infections, abcesses and human bites |
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| Shigella dysenteriae |
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| gram - aerobe dysentery, watery diarrhea, fever, N fecal/oral contamination only small amounts of bacteria to cause disease enterotoxins (Shiga A and B) |
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| Vibrio cholerae |
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| gram - aerobe cholera drinking water |
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| Chlamydia pneumoniae |
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| other obligate intracellular pneumonia, pharyngitis, bronchitis often immunocompromised |
