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civil war

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War between the Union and Confederacy from 1861-1865

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casualty

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a person killed or injured, missing and captured in war

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war of attrition

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attempt to inflict heavy losses and wear down an enemy

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shell, canister

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used in the civil war, explode in the air or when it hits something and a canister is a shell filled with bullets

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First Battle of Bull Run, Battle of Shiloh, Battle of Antietam

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The first major battle confederate win. Union victory in the west. Bloodiest battle in America

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draft

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both the Confederacy and Union resorted to a draft in order to fill the need for soldier

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recognition

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Europe never gave the confederacy recognition as an independence country

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greenback

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national currency created by republican congress

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Copperheads

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were democrats who warned that freed slave would cause economic problem in the North

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martial law

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Lincoln called for this emergency rule by military authority to secure Kentucky and Jefferson Davis used

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writ of habeas corpus

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legal protection against unlawful imprisonment

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contraband

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property seized from and enemy during wartime

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siege

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the surrounding of a place and starve in order to force it to surrender

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Gettysburg Address

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short 2 minutes speech of Abraham Lincoln, promised the nation a new birth of freedom

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guerrilla

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hit and runs, ambush

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Thirteenth Amendment

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make slave illegals

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As Union forces began to retreat during the First Battle of Bull Run

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They run away threw down their weapon and fled

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Confederate leaders persuade most Southern planters to stop exporting cotton

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they thought that would draw attention to Great Britain and French to help

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The union nearly succeeded in spliting the Confederacy in two

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Union force began the war in the west (Mississippi) with server important victories

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Lee hoped a Confederate victory on Union soil would win European support for the South and turn Northerners against the war

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Lee invades the North

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The first major battle of the Civil war was

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First Battle of Bull Run

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At the start of the war the South's basic strategy was

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prepare and wait

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Battles in the West took place mainly

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along rivers

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Union forces won the battle of Shiloh, thanks to

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a counterattack by Grant's forces, supported by newly arrived troops

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in Battle in East, McClellan was best known for his

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caution

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The Battle of Antietam denied Robert E. Lee a chance to

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win a battle on Union soil

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Confederate government had to gather revenue, raise troops, and overcome the independence of its member states

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1862 the Confederate Congress passes law requiring 3 years military service taxed personal income and required farmer to contribute 10% produce to the war effort

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During the Civil war, the federal government passed laws that had a lasting impact on the nation

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1861 government passed the first federal tax on income, in nation's history Green money is born, Congress issued federally currency called "Greenback"

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Lincoln widened the goal of the Civil war from preserving the Union to emancipating enslaved people.

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Ending slavery mean few laborer to work on Southern fields, factory, strategy of winning the war Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation after battle of Antietam

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The Confederate war effort was hurt by Southerners'' fierce dvotion to

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states' right

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During the Civil war both the Confederate and Union governments created

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a draft

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With the departure of southern congressmen, republicans passed laws to strengthen the power of

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the federal government

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During the early part of the war, Lincoln's main goal was to

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preserve the Union

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One of the major hardships faced by the Confederacy during the war was

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a food shortage

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After the Emancipation Proclamation, many African Americans

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rushed to join the Union army

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Gettysburg Strategic

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Lee hoped to push the Union into giving up the war by winning a major victory in Northern soil

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Gettysburg Geographic features

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both armies are on series of hills, Union is on Cemetery Ridge, Confederate is on Seminary Ridge. Large open field between them

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Confederates' battle plan, and reasons plan failed

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to attack the union line, Longstreet delayed his attack

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Vicksburg Strategic

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stronghold keeping union from controlling Mississippi river

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Vicksburg Geographic features

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on high bluffs and deep ravines created a natural fort.

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Burnside lost the Battle of Fredericksburg by trying to

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charge into Confederate gunfire

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Lee won a brilliant victory at Chancellorsville through the tactic of

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dividing his forces

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Lee crossed into Pennsylvania because he wanted a

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victory on northern soil

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At Gettysburg, the Union and Confederate lines positioned themselves

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along separate ridges

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Confederate forces at Gettysburg were blown apart by canister shells in

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Pickett;s Charge

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Union forces sought to capture the stronghold of Vicksburg, a city on

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a bluff overlooking the Mississippi

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Grant's successful strategy for taking Vicksburg involved

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mounting a siege

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Union victories at Vicksburg and Port Hudson

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cut the Confederacy in half

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What strategy did General Grant, as commander of the Union forces, hope to follow?

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relentlessly attack and defeat the Confederate army, ending war before the November election

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What strategy did General Sherman use after leaving Atlanta

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cut a path of destruction across Georgia, destroying and burning bridges, factories, and slaughtering livestock

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what event changed voters' minds about supporting Lincoln in the 1864 election?

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Sherman's capture of Atlanta, Georgia

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How did voters and Congress show that they accepted Lincoln's stand against slavery

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voter elected Lincoln to second term and Congress passed the Thirteenth Amendment which ended slavery

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Why did Lee finally surrender to Grant

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He could no longer protect Richmond from union force and he was unable to link his troop up with those of General Johnson

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How was Lincoln assassinated?

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He was shot by John W. Booth as he sat in a theater watching a play

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Grant and Sherman followed the same general strategy which called for

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confronting the enemy

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The battles of the Wilderness, Spotsylvania and Cold Harbor

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took a huge toll on Grant's army

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George McClellan said that if he were elected President in 1864 he would

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negotiate an end to the war

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Lincoln gained much needed voter support in the 1864 election after

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Sherman capture Atlanta

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Sherman treated South Carolina harshly because

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it had been the first Confederate state to secede

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After Lee was unable to save Richmond or unite with Jonhson, he

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surrender to Grant

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At Ford's Theater on April 14,1865

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Lincoln was shot

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which of the following was an advantage the North had over the South

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full support of all its citizens

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What caused President Lincoln to become dissatisfied with General McClellan's command?

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He thought McClellan was too slow to take action

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During the Civil War, the Republican-controlled Congress

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passed law calling for the contructions of railraod line from Nebraska to the Pacific Coast

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Emancipation Proclaimation freed

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enslaved people living in areas controlled by the Confederacy

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After the South's victories at Fredericksburg and Chancellorsville

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some Notherner leaders began to talk about making peace with the South

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What was a major significane of the presidential election of 1864?

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Voter showed their approval of Lincoln's stand against slavery

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which of the following was an advantage the South had in civil war

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more experienced gernerals

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First Battle of Bullrun amd Shiloh proved

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the war would be long and difficult

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Lincoln urged General McClellan to attack the Confederate capital of

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Richmond, Virginia

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The North gained control of important water routes by capturing

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Fort Henry and Fort Donelson

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Emancipation Proclaimation had the effect of

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encouraging African Americans to serve in the Union army

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single greatest cause of death of confederate and union soilder was

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disease

History Chapter 11 Test Questions – Flashcards

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