Question 1

In an experimental study, men with erectile dysfunction received either Viagra or a placebo. In this study, the drug dosage (none versus peak dose) was the

Accepted Answer

independent variable

Question 2

Experimenter bias refers to _____.

Accepted Answer

tendency to influence the experiment to get different results

Question 3

The concept of control is important in psychological research because

Accepted Answer

experimental control allows researchers to study the influence of one or two independent variables on a dependent variable while holding other potential influences constant.

Question 4

Unlike correlational studies, experiments involve

Accepted Answer

manipulating the factors of interest.

Question 5

An experiment was designed to study the potential impact of alcohol consumption on emotional stability. A specification of the procedures used to measure emotional stability illustrates

Accepted Answer

an operational definition.

Question 6

To assess the influence of self-esteem on interpersonal attraction, researchers either insulted or complimented students about their physical appearance just before they went on a blind date. In this research, the dependent variable was

Accepted Answer

interpersonal attraction.

Question 7

Any factor such as infant nutrition which can vary in its quality or quantity is called a

Accepted Answer

variable

Question 8

If researchers gave participants varying amounts of a new \"memory\" drug and then gave them a story to read and measured their scores on a quiz, the _____ would be the independent variable (IV), and the _____ would be the dependent variable (DV).

Accepted Answer

exposure to the drug; quiz scores

Question 9

While conducting research, you unintentionally provide subtle cues to the study\'s participants about the purpose of the research, which influences your results in the direction you expected) This is a demonstration of _____.

Accepted Answer

experimenter bias

Question 10

In a psychological experiment, the factor that may be influenced by the manipulated experimental treatment is called the ________ variable.

Accepted Answer

dependent

Question 11

In a psychological experiment, the experimental factor that is manipulated by the investigator is called the ________ variable.

Accepted Answer

independent

Question 12

_____ are manipulated; _____ are measured.

Accepted Answer

IVs; DVs

Question 13

(PsychSim: Descriptive Statistics) Imagine that you have entered the following distribution of scores into the program: 7, 9, 6, 3, 7, 8, 4, 10, 7, 9. The mean of this distribution of scores would be changed the most if a score of ________ was removed from the data set.

Accepted Answer

3

Question 14

(PsychSim: Descriptive Statistics) The median of a skewed distribution is likely to be ________ the mean.

Accepted Answer

less than or greater than

Question 15

(PsychSim: Descriptive Statistics) The standard deviation is the average distance of each score in a distribution from the

Accepted Answer

mean

Question 16

(PsychSim: Descriptive Statistics) If a distribution is badly skewed, researchers are more likely than usual to prefer the ________ as a measure of central tendency.

Accepted Answer

median

Question 17

(PsychSim: Descriptive Statistics) When most scores in a data set are toward one end of the range of scores, the distribution is said to be

Accepted Answer

skewed

Question 18

Being randomly assigned to the experimental group in a research project involves being assigned

Accepted Answer

to that group my chance

Question 19

To learn about the TV-viewing habits of all the children attending Oakbridge School, Professor DeVries randomly selected and interviewed 50 of the school\'s students. In this instance, all the children attending the school are considered to be a(n)

Accepted Answer

population

Question 20

To study the potential effects of social interaction on problem solving, some research participants were instructed to solve problems working together; other participants were told to solve problems working alone. Those who worked alone were assigned to the ________ group.

Accepted Answer

control

Question 21

Which of the following is true for those assigned to a control group?

Accepted Answer

The experimental treatment is absent

Question 22

In a study on student conformity, researchers selected a group of college students who appeared to represent the characteristics of students from the entire college campus. The selected group served as the _____ of the college _____.

Accepted Answer

sample; population

Question 23

Participants in an experiment are said to be blind if they are uninformed about

Accepted Answer

which experimental treatment, if any, they are receiving.

Question 24

A sample is BEST defined as _____.

Accepted Answer

a selected group of participants that is representative of a larger population

Question 25

Research participants are randomly assigned to different groups in an experiment in order to

Accepted Answer

reduce the likelihood of any preexisting differences between groups of participants.

Question 26

Sample bias occurs when _____.

Accepted Answer

the sample of participants in a research study are not representative of the larger population

Question 27

An example of a(n) ___________ research study would be where an experiment was conducted on caffeine-induced stress in which neither the class researchers nor the participants in the experiment knew who did and did not receive caffeine until after the study was completed.

Accepted Answer

double-blind study

Question 28

One way to ensure less sample bias is to select a(n) _____ sample.

Accepted Answer

representative/random

Question 29

To assess the impact of test difficulty on persistence of effort, researchers plan to give one group of children relatively easy tests and another group more difficult tests. To reduce the chance that the children in one group are more intelligent than those in the other group, the researchers should make use of

Accepted Answer

random assignment

Question 30

In a survey, psychologists select a random sample of research participants in order to ensure that

Accepted Answer

the participants are representative of the population they are interested in studying.

Question 31

In an experiment studying whether eating sugar influences children\'s ability to focus their attention on a problem-solving task, the group of children given sugar is referred to as the______________.

Accepted Answer

experimental group

Question 32

The group exposed to a newly created drug that is being tested in an experiment is called the ________ group.

Accepted Answer

experimental

Question 33

Which of the following is most useful for helping survey researchers avoid false generalizations?

Accepted Answer

random sampling

Question 34

_____ are factors that are not being directly manipulated or measured, which could affect research results if they are not held constant.

Accepted Answer

Extraneous variables

Question 35

Random assignment minimizes ________ between experimental and control groups. Random sampling minimizes ________ between a sample and a population.

Accepted Answer

differences; differences

Question 36

In which type of research would an investigator manipulate one factor in order to observe its effect on some behavior or mental process?

Accepted Answer

experimentation

Question 37

Cause and effect conclusions can be drawn from _____ studies.

Accepted Answer

experimental

Question 38

In a case study, a researcher is most likely to _____.

Accepted Answer

conduct an in-depth study of a single research participant

Question 39

_____ research observes and records behaviors without manipulating variables or producing causal explanations.

Accepted Answer

descriptive

Question 40

Correlation is a measure of the extent to which two variables?

Accepted Answer

vary together

Question 41

What is an advantage of survey research?

Accepted Answer

Surveys can be used on larger samples than other research methods

Question 42

Researchers use experiments rather than other research methods in order to distinguish between

Accepted Answer

cause and effects

Question 43

Correlational research is most useful for purposes of:

Accepted Answer

research

Question 44

If you wanted to study someone with a rare disorder such as photophobia (the fear of light), your BEST research option would be a/an _____.

Accepted Answer

case study

Question 45

To compare the pace of life in different countries, investigators measured the speed with which postal clerks completed a simple request. Which research method did this illustrate?

Accepted Answer

naturalistic observation

Question 46

Why can experiments determine causal relationships when no other research method can?

Accepted Answer

Experiments isolate the effects of independent variables on dependent variable

Question 47

Which scientific method of research would be used if a college student running for student body president was trying to determine whether to emphasize campus security, improved parking facilities, or increased health services in their campaign?

Accepted Answer

survey

Question 48

In a naturalistic observation, a researcher would be most likely to do which of the following?

Accepted Answer

observe and systematically record behavior in a participant\'s natural state or habitat

Question 49

To discover the extent to which economic status can be used to predict political preferences, researchers are most likely to use?

Accepted Answer

correlational measures

Question 50

Which research method provides the best way of assessing whether cigarette smoking boosts mental alertness?

Accepted Answer

the experiment

Question 51

In which type of research is a representative, random sample of people asked to answer questions about their behaviors or attitudes?

Accepted Answer

the survey

Question 52

The main advantage of naturalistic observation is that it _____.

Accepted Answer

allows researchers to obtain data about natural behavior

Question 53

Which research method would most likely be used to test the following hypothesis? People who conserve energy by buying hybrid cars are more likely to spend more money on organic foods.

Accepted Answer

correlation

Question 54

Professor Ober carefully observes and records the behaviors of children in their classrooms in order to track the development of their social and intellectual skills. Professor Ober is most clearly engaged in

Accepted Answer

naturalistic observation

Question 55

The biggest danger of relying on case-study evidence is that it

Accepted Answer

may be unrepresentative of what is generally true.

Question 56

The behavior genetics perspective would be most directly concerned with assessing the relative influences of?

Accepted Answer

nature and nurture

Question 57

Professor Brody attempts to measure the relative contributions of inborn traits and social influences on homosexual behavior. Her research efforts best illustrate the interests of the ________ perspective.

Accepted Answer

Behavioral Genetics

Question 58

The high school counselor has suggested that Skylar\'s romantic feelings for her physics teacher reflect her unconscious longings for attention from her own father. The counselor\'s assessment most clearly reflects a(n) ________ perspective.

Accepted Answer

psychodynamic

Question 59

Which of the following is a statistical measure of the relationship between two variables?

Accepted Answer

Correlation coefficient

Question 60

If height and body weight are positively correlated, which of the following is true?

Accepted Answer

Knowing a person\'s height, one can predict his or her weight.

Question 61

Which perspective is most concerned with how individuals interpret their experiences?

Accepted Answer

Cognitive

Question 62

During a dinner conversation, a friend says that the cognitive and behavioral perspectives are quite similar. You disagree and point out that the cognitive perspective emphasizes ________, whereas the behavioral perspective emphasizes ________.

Accepted Answer

conscious processes; observable responses

Question 63

According to the humanistic perspective, human behavior is determined by ________ causes.

Accepted Answer

voluntary

Question 64

The cognitive perspective in psychology focuses on how:

Accepted Answer

people encode, process, store, and retrieve information.

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