Carbs!ipids – Flashcards
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Any organic compound that is made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen and that provides nutrients to the cells of living things
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Carb
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Found in potatoes, bread, and rice and is our major carbohydrate source.
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Starch
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Carbs found in fruit, honey, candy, and packaged foods.
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Sugars
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These make carbohydrates, such as the starch in potato tubers.
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Plants
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Why is raw potato difficult to digest?
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Starch is tight.
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This bursts tight granules so that starch can be digested.
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Cooking
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During digestion, starch is broken down into ?
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Glucose
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This is a sugar that can be carried by the bloodstream, unlike starch.
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Glucose
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General formula for carbs?
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C6nH10n+2O5n+1
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A simple sugar that is the basic subunit of a carb.
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Monosaccharide
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Carbs made up of long chains of simple sugars; including starch, cellulose, and glycogen.
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Polysaccharide
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This stores energy in plants.
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Starch
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This carbohydrate that is similar to starch is stored in animal muscle tissue as energy.
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Glycogen
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A sugar formed from two monosaccharides.
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Disaccharide
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Most energy you get from food comes in the form of ?
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Carb
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Mammals rely on these to give their body structure and support.
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Bones Muscles
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Bones and muscles are made of these.
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Proteins
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Insects and crustaceans rely on ? for structure.
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Shells
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This polysaccharide makes up most hard shells.
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Chitin
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This is the most abundant organic compound on earth that makes up paper from wood fiber and gives plant structure rigidity.
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Cellulose
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The name given to all monosaccharides and disaccharides in chemistry.
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Sugar
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Sucrose in culinary arts.
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Sugar
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This is the chemical that the bloodstream uses to carry energy to every cell in the body.
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Glucose
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Monosaccharides have ? ring(s).
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One
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Disaccharides have ? ring(s).
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Two
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These three disaccharides are found in malted milkshakes.
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Lactose Maltose Sucrose
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Disaccharides are made up of two ?
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Monosaccharides
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Maltose is made of two ?
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Glucose
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These two monosaccharides make up sucrose.
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Glucose Fructose
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These two form polysaccharides.
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Monosaccharides Disaccharides
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General formula of polysaccharides?
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-O-(C6H10O4)-
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Linking small molecular units (monomers) together to make a large, chainlike molecule.
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Polymerization
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Polysaccharides and chainlike molecules found in organisms are called ?
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Biological polymers
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This biological polymer is a form of starch.
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Amylose
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These two processes make and break down carbs in living systems and capture and use energy.
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Photosynthesis Respiration
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Why are sugars not useful for long-term energy storage?
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Soluable in water
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Sugars are changed into ? or ?
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Starch Glycogen
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Are starches soluble in water?
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No
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A Chemical reaction in which two or more molecules combine to produce water or another simple molecule. (Disaccharides and Polysaccharides)
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Condensation
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What is the byproduct of condensation?
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Water
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A chemical reaction between water and another substance to form two or more new substances. (Polysaccharides to sugars)
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Hydrolysis
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What two reactions are opposites?
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Hydrolysis Condensation
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Biochemical that isn't Soluable in water, including fats and steroids, store energy and make up cell membranes.
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Lipids
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This lipid is found in animal fat.
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Oleic acid
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Lipids have these two ends that interact with their like counterparts.
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Hydrophilic Polar Hydrophobic Nonpolar
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Cell membranes have these lipids.
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Phospholipids
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These lipids, like cholesterol, are used to signal chemicals.
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Steroids
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These lipids are found in candles and beeswax.
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Wax
