Chapter 12 DNA and RNA vocabulary review – Flashcards
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Base pairing
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Hydrogen bonding between adenine and thymine
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Nucleotide
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Unit of DNA
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Histone
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Protein that binds DNA into tight coils
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Transcription
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Copying part of DNA into RNA
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Intron
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Sequence in messenger RNA that is cut out
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Translation
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Making protein using messenger RNA
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Transfer RNA
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Carries amino acids to ribosomes during protein synthesis
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Promoter
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DNA sequence that binds RNA polymerase
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Mutation
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Change in genetic material
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Polyploid
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Having extra sets of chromosomes
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Operon
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Group of genes that work together
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Differentiation
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Cells specializing In Structure and function
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A _ is a type of virus that infects bacteria
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Bacteriophage
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Eukaryotic chromosomes contain both DNA and protein, tightly packed together to form a substance called _
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Chromatid
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Duplication of DNA is called _
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Replication
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The principal enzyme involved in DNA replication is _ because it joins indiviual nucleotides to produce a DNA molecule
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DNA Polymerase
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DNA sequences that code for proteins are called _
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Exons
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A _ consist of three consecutive nucleotides that specify a single amino acid
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Codon
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Gene mutations , known as _ , occur at the single point of DNA sequence
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Point mutations
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Differentiation of cells and tissues in the embryo is controlled by _
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Hox gene
