AP Human Geography Key Issue #1 unit 1 – Flashcards
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Define Geo + Graphy
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Geo= earth Graphy= to write
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Define Projection
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transferring locations of earths surface to a flat map
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Define human geography
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The study of where and why human are located where they are
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Define physical geography
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Studies where and why natural forces occur as they do
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Define map
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A 2-d or flat scale model of earths surface or a portion of it
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Define place
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A specific point on earth distinguished by a particular characteristic
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Define region
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An area of earth distinguished by a combination of cultural and physical features
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Three basic concepts that help geographers
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Scale Space Connections
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Define scale
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The relationship between the portion of the earth being studied and earth as a whole
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Define space
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Refers to the physical gap or interval between two objects
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Define connections
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Relationships among people and objects across the barrier of space
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Define cartography
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The science of map making
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Maps can be used as...
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Reference tools Communication tools
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Examples of early mapmaking
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Thales used principals of geography to measure land area Anaximander made a map of the world based on information from sailors South Pacific islands: strips from Palm trees, rocks as islamds
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Who first demonstrated that earth was round?
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Aristotle
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How did Aristotle demonstrate that the earth was round?
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Matter falls towards a common center Earths shadow on the moon during an eclipse was round Visible groups of stars change as one moves north or south
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Who wast the first to use the term, geography
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Eratosthenes
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List three of Eratosthenes contributions to geography at the time
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Calculated earths circumference to 0.5% Prepared one of the earliest maps of the known world Accepted that earth was spherical
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Developments in Chinese geography
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5th century b.c. Oldest recorded writing. Describes the economic resources of the countries different provinces 267 a.d. Phew Hsiu produced an elaborate map of the country
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Developments in Muslim geography
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1154- al-Idrisi prepared a world map and geography test using Ptolmeys work Inn-Battutah wrote Rihlahnbased on three decades of journeys (75,000 mi) through North Africa, Southern Europe, and much of Asia
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Developments of geography in the age of discovery
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Ptolmeys maps where rediscovered and translated Explorers needed maps so cartographers took information from them to make the maps By 17the century maps were very accurate Varenius produced Geography Generalis
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Map scale is represented in what three ways?
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Ratio or fraction Written scale Graphic scale
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Define ratio or fraction
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Shows the numerical ratio between distances on the map and earths surface
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Define written ratio
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Describes the relationship between map and earths distances in words Ex. 1 in.= 1 mi.
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Define graphic scale
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Usually consists of a bar line marked to show distance on earths surface
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What is a small scale map?
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A map that show the overall picture of the entire globe
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What is a large scale map?
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A map that only shows a small portion of earths surface
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What is the advantage of a large scale map
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It can give a lot of details about the one place Ex. Map of a city
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What advantage does a small scale map have?
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It can give overall communication about processes that affects everyone Ex. Global warming
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4 types of distortion
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Space Distance Relative size Direction
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Define distortion of space
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It can appear elongated or squat
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Define distortion of distance
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Between two distances can become increased or decreased
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Define distortion of relative size
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May be altered so that one area may appear larger but is in reality smaller
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Define distortion of direction
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From one place to another can be distorted
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GIS
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A geographic information system (GIS) integrates hardware, software, and data for capturing, managing, analyzing, and displaying all forms of geographically referenced information
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GPS
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A system of satellites, computers, and receivers that is able to determine the latitude and longitude of a receiver on Earth by calculating the time difference for signals from different satellites to reach the receiver.
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Paralel
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An imaginary east-west line circling a globe
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Cultural ecology / and or Possibilism
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Though the physical environment may limit certain human activates, humans can adapt to their environment or adapt the environment to their activities.
