Ap Human Geography Chapter 2 Flashcard
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acculturation
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the adoption of the behavior patterns of the surrounding culture
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artifact
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material objects used to fill basic needs of food, protection, and defense
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carrying capacity
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the number of persons supportable within a given area by the technologies at their disposal
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cultural convergence
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the sharing of technologies, organizational structures, etc among widely separated societies in a modern world united by instantaneous communication and efficient transportation
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cultural divergence
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The likelihood or tendency for cultures to become increasingly dissimilar with the passage of time.
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cultural ecology
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the study of the relationship between a culture group and the natural environmental it occupies
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cultural integration
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interlocking nature of all aspects of a culture
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cultural landscape
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the earth's surface as modified by human action
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culture
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specialized behavioral patterns, understandings, adaptations, and social systems
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culture complex
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individual cultural traits that are functionally related
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culture hearth
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center of innovation and invention from which key culture traits and elements move to exert an influence on surrounding regions
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culture realm
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a set of cultural regions showing related cultural complexes and landscapes
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culture region
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a portion of the earth's surface occupied by populations sharing recognizable and distinctive cultural characteristics
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culture system
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sharing enough cultural traits and complexes to be recognized as a distinctive cultural entity
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culture trait
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unit of learned behavior ranging from language spoken, tools used, games played etc
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diffusion
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process by which an idea or innovation is transmitted from one individual or to another across space
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diffusion barrier
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any conditions that hinder either the flow of information or the movement of people and thus prevent the acceptance of an innovation
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environmental determinism
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the belief that the physical environment exclusively shapes humans, their actions, and their thoughts
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expansion diffusion
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the spread of an item or idea from one place to others
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hunter-gatherer
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pre-agricultural people dependent on the year-round availability of plant and animal foodstuffs they could secure with the limited variety of tools and weapons at their disposal
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ideological subsytem
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ideas, beliefs, and knowledge of a culture and of the ways in which these things are expressed in speech or other forms of communication
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independent invention
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a trait that many cultural hearths that develop independent of each other
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innovation
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changes to a culture that result from ideas created within the social group and adopted by the culture
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mentifact
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abstract belief systems
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multilinear evolution
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used to explain common characteristics of widely separated cultures developed under similar ecological circumstances
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possibilism
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viewpoint that people, not environments, are the dynamic forces of cultural development
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relocation diffusion
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innovation or idea is physically carried to new areas by migrating individuals or populations
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sociofact
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The institutions and links between individuals and groups that unite a culture, including family structure and political, educational, and religious institutions. Components of the sociological subsystem of culture.
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sociological subsystem
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expected and accepted patterns of interpersonal relations in economic, political, military, religious and other associations
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syncretism
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process of fusion of the old and new
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technological subsystem
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composed of material objects, together with the techniques of their use, by means of which people are able to live
