Ch. 7, The Progressive Era – Flashcards
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What did political machines do?
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1. Controlled local government in many cities 2. Controlled jobs and services
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Who controlled political machines?
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Bosses.
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What did corrupt politicians do?
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1. Took bribes and kickbacks 2. Accepted campaign contributions in return for favors
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Who was one example of a corrupt politician?
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William M. Tweed aka Boss Tweed
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Who was the head of New York's Democratic machine in 1860's & 1870's?
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William M. Tweed aka Boss Tweed
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Who exposed Tweed's corruption?
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Thomas Nast
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True or False. Tweed was sentenced to prison?
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True
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What did Reformers want to do to the Bosses?
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They wanted to break the power of the Bosses.
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Reformers worked to make the city government _________. Fill in the blank.
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Honest
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What was patronage?
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Patronage was when political supporters were rewarded with jobs and favors.
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Who were the 2 people who tried to change the Spoils System, but were not successful?
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President Hayes, and Garfield.
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When was the Pendleton Act passed?
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1883
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What did the Pendleton Act do?
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It established civil service commission, and gave exams for federal jobs.
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What did Americans feel about trusts?
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They felt that trusts had to much control over economy and government.
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What did the Sherman Anti-Trust Act do?
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It controlled trusts and monopolies.
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What is an oligopoly?
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An oligopoly is a few large companies that control prices for an entire industry.
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What is the Interstate Commerce Act?
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It required railroads to charge & publish reasonable rates.
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Why did Reformers want to lower tariffs?
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They believed tariffs increased the price of goods.
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Why did Republicans raise tariff prices?
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To protect U.S. businesses from foreign competition.
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What did Socialists believe?
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Government should own & operate resources and major industries.
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What were Progressives alarmed about?
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Only a few people held most of America's wealth and power.
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What were Muckrakers?
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Journalists who uncovered abuses & corruption in society.
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What did Upton Sinclair describe in his novel "The Jungle."
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Described horrors of meat packing industry.
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What is an Initiative?
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Voters could place an issue on the ballot in the state election.
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What is a Referendum?
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Voters could accept or reject measures enacted by state legislature.
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What is Recall?
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Allowed voters to remove incompetent elected officials.
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What did the 17th Amendment do?
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Direct election of senators.
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What did the term the "New Woman" mean?
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It referred to educated, modern women who pursued interests outside of the home.
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Who established Hull House in Chicago, and was a pioneer in social work?
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Jane Addams.
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Who was Mother Cabrini?
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She was a nun who worked with the poor.
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Since some clubs didn't allow African American women, what did the African American women form?
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The National Association of Colored Women.
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Who was the founder/president of the National Association of Colored Women?
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Mary Church Terrell.
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What did the 15th Amendment exclude?
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The right for women to vote.
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What were suffragists?
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Men & women who fought for women's right to vote.
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What was the organization that promoted the cause for women's rights to vote?
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The National American Women Suffrage Association.
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Why did some oppose of woman suffrage?
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Some opposed because some argued that suffrage would upset society's "natural" balance & lead to divorce and child neglect.
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Why did middle-class women want to vote?
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They wanted to vote so they could promote reforms.
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Why did working-class women want to vote?
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They wanted to vote to pass labor laws.
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Who was the first state to give the women the right to vote?
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Wyoming.
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Who was a Quaker social worker that formed the National Woman's Party in 1916?
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Alice Paul.
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What did the National Woman's Party sought to do?
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Sought economic & legal equality and suffrage for women.
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True or False. Did National Woman's Party get arrested for blocking the sidewalk?
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True.
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When did the 19th Amendment go into effect?
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In 1920.
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What urged women to form labor unions?
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The Women's Trade Union League.
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True or False. The Women's Trade Union League did not support laws to protect the rights of women.
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False
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What was the Temperance Crusade?
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The Woman's Christian Temperance Union led crusade against alcohol.
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What is the definition of temperance?
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The stopping of drinking.
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Did the Temperance Crusade support prohibition?
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Yes.
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Who was head of WCTU?
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Frances Willard.
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What did WCTU support?
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Prison reform, woman suffrage, improving working conditions, and world peace.
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Who was Carrie Nation?
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A woman who was a crusader. She destroyed bottles of alcohol with her ax.
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What was known as the prohibition and law and what did it state?
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The 18th Amendment. Declared it illegal to make, transport, or sell alcohol in the U.S.
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Who was our youngest president?
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President Teddy Roosevelt
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Was Teddy Roosevelt a trust buster? Yes or No?
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Yes.
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What was a trust buster?
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Someone who broke up trusts.
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Did Teddy Roosevelt support the miners on strike? Yes or No?
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Yes.
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What is Arbitration?
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Settling dispute by agreeing to accept decision of neutral party.
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What was the Square Deal?
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Fair and equal treatment for all.
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Who proposed the U.S. Forest service to set aside millions of national forests?
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Teddy Roosevelt.
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Why was the National Conservation Commission formed?
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To produce a survey of natural resources.
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What did the 16th Amendment believe to have done?
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Allowed government to lower tariffs and relieve hardship on poor.
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Who achieved tariff reform?
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Woodrow Wilson.
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What did the Federal Reserve Act do?
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Regulated banks, and created 12 regional banks supported by a central board.
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Why was the Federal Trade Commission established?
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To investigate corporations for unfair trade practices.
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Who faced discrimination in the 1800s?
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Non-white, non-protestant, and non-native residents.
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What is the definition of discrimination?
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Unequal treatment because of race, religion, ethnic background, or place of birth.
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What was the Gentleman's agreement?
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Restricted Japanese immigrants.
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What was the case that recognized "separate but equal" facilities for blacks and whites.
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Plessy v. Ferguson
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Where did lynchings increase?
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The south and west.
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What did Progressives see themselves as?
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Moral leaders.
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True or False. Some reforms Progressives supported often discriminated against one group as helped another.
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True.
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Who was the founder of Tuskegee Institute?
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Booker T. Washington.
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What was the Niagara movement?
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A movement that demanded equal economic & educational opportunity.
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What were Mutualistas?
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A self-defense group.
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What were barrios?
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Mexican neighborhoods.
