U.S. History- Andrew Jackson – Flashcards
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What was Jackson's nickname and why?
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"Old Hickory" because he was strong, suborn, and didn't let people push him around
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Who did he blame for his wife's death?
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his political opponents due to a broken heart She died right before Jackson moved into the white house and he had no wife w/ him in the White House
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Was he the first president that was tried to be assassinated? What happened?
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yes, the shooter had 2 guns and neither of them fired. Jackson chased the shooter w/ his cane
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Was he the first president that wasn't from the 13 colonies?
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yes
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What was peoples concerns?
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they had a lot of concern of him being president
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Describe John Q. Adams
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1 term president 6th president had broad national view of constitution, pushed for aggressive program of federal spending for internal improvement and scientific exposure.
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What did people not agree w/ j.Q. adams' program?
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-the south did not like it because it was improvements in the north that they would be paying for through taxes -nobody cared about scientific exposure in 1800's- he was a president ahead of time
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OUtline of Jackson's presidency
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national rep. v. democratic republicans extension of voting rights extension of presidential power indian policy nullification crisis 2nd national bank Whig v. Democrat
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When was he president?
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1829-1837
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National Republican
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-Old Federalist -J.Q. Adams support -from North -represented wealthy, industry -favored strong federal gov.
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Why was there no more loose/strong interpretation?
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b/c Jeff. had to use loose interpretation for Louisiana Purchase
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Democratic Republican
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-Jackson support -Represented farmers; common man -state rights-favored limiting federal power
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what were the conditions to vote?
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-had to be adult (21+) -had to be white (changed in 1870; 15th) -man (changed in 1920; 19th) that owned property
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What was the extension of voting rights Jackson made?
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in order to vote, you had to own less property then they did before
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What helped Jackson become elected in 1828?
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expanded suffrage (right to vote) and jackson's appeal to the common man
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who did Jackson invite to the white house?
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the people from Tennessee to see his inauguration and see the white house. There was so many people there, Jackson could not get in. the people pulled and spilled things
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How did Jackson get the people out of the White HOuse?
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they moved the refreshments outside.
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What did Jackson's spoil system reward?
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loyal support
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What did Jackson say about the spoil system?
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it was called a rotation in office -gave common man change in gov. -incoming officers would throw out former appointees and replace them w/ friends
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What was bad about the spoil system?
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Jackson could have been getting rid of good people
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How did Jackson amplify presidential power?
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by using the veto more than all previous presidents
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What was Jackson Indian Policy?
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the indians would be better if they moved and enable Native Americans to maintain their way of life
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What was the conflict about the white and native americans about?
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land
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Why was the U.S. unfair to the Indians?
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b/c the indians were in the U.S. first, now we are telling them to move
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Where does Jackson was the Indians to move?
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transMississppi river-across river- West Oklahoma
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What did Jackson think about them moving far west?
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that it would be far enough west that the U.S. won't go to war with them now, trying to find out
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What were the 2 choices Jackson had?
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Removal or Assimilation ( be forced to become like the white man and adopt the customs/culture)
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What did Jackson say about assimilation?
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it would lead to trouble b/c the Indians didn't want to do it
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Indian Removal Act was passed by Congress when?
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in 1830 forcing Native Americans to move west
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What was the Problem w/ removal?
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the indians didn't want to leave
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What did we never imagine?
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that the Indians would take us to Supreme Court in Worchester v. Georgia in front of John Marshall
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What did Marshall say?
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that the Indians are a nation and has no jurisdiction over the Indians and they have a right to stay here
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Did Jackson agree w/ Marshall?
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no and he should have been impeached because Jackson doesn't enforce Marshall's ruling and it is Jackson responsibility to enforce the rule and he failed to do his job. He tells Marshall "that is your opion so you enforce it, but Marshall can't enforce it
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What were people thinking about jackson not enforcing Marshall's ruling?
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that they weren't sure if Jackson was abusing or using his power
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Why wasn't Jackson impeached?
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because the people didn't care about the Indians and Jackson was a common man
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Despite the supreme court..
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the Indians were forced to moved
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when were they moved and describe the land?
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in the winter and the land was not good and it was bare
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What was the sad about Trail of Tears?
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many died during the long enforced journey and 4,000 died
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Did the Indians want trouble?
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no
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Who like the tariff?
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the north likes it and the south hates it because they buy imported goods.
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What was the name of the tariff and why?
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the tariff of abominations because the tariff was hated
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Why does nullification come out?
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b/c the south hates the tariff and argues states' rights
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Who threatens w/ nullification?
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the south and South Carolina
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Who resigns from presidency?
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John C. Calhoun
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What does Jackson do about nullification?
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Jackson stands up to the gov. because if the south nulllifies then all the states will argue nullification and the country will fall
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What did Jackson suggest about the tariff and what did the south say?
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Jackson said to lower the tariff and the south said that wasn't good enough and threatens to secede
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What was Jackson's response to the south seceding?
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he said to go ahead and secede b/c he will hang the fist nullificationist he finds from a tree and he hopes its john C. Calhoun
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What was the force bill?
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Congress gave Jackson permission to use force if he needed to
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what does Henry Clay say?
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to put the tariff back to what it was originally; Clay's 'compromise
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What did J.C Calhoun argue and oppose?
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he opposed the tariff and argued that a state could nullify
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What did Jackson oppose and think the bank symbolized?
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he opposed the bank of the U.S. In his eye, it symbolized wealth and power and cared nothing for the common man
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What was the opposition people had against Jackson and why?
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people saw him as a man who rules his country as a king because -he had more veto than all other presidents -throws people out of gov. (spoils system) -indians -ignored marshall
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How did people try to not get Jackson elected?
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by using the national bank
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Did jackson win and what did he see his victory as?
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he won by a landslide and he saw it as the people wanted him to destroy the bank of the U.S>
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What was jackson's solution to the bank since he can't close it until the charter runs out in 1836.
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he takes the money out of the national bank and puts it in the states' banks so National bank can dwindle
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What happened when bank charter ran out?
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it just became another bank and 5 years later it closed its doors
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Why did Jackson like the pet bank idea?
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because the common man was more likely to get a loan but the problem was people would borrow money and couldn't pay it back
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What did Jackson's actions in 1837 contribute to?
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the panic of 1837, which resulted in banks closing, bankrupt business, and wide-spread unemployment
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What did the anger w/ jackson split?
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the democratic party and led to the formation of the whig party
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who are whigs?
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national republicans that collected democrats
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Martin van buren
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jackson's 2nd V.P. came in 1832 -he was a democratic candidate
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why does buren win?
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because the whigs can't figure out who to have as a candidate and Buren becomes 8th president in 1836
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Why did things get worse when Buren was president?
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because he held on to the money when he should have spent it to get the economy moving
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What do the whigs do in the election of 1840?
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they have william henry harrison as their candidate and used the Panic of 1837 against democrats
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How did the whigs describe harrison?
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as a big indian fighter and military man who grew up on a frontier like Jackson but he actually grew up in a nice house
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who was the 9th president?
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Harrison and he died 32 days later because he caught a cold that turned into nmenounia.
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What did the whigs think about picking a candiate and having president and V.P from diff. parties?
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they thought they were in it b/c they picked democrat v.p and whig president so the voters would be getting both parties.
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why was tyler chosen as v.p?
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because he would collect the southern votes and the whigs thought he would never play a role in gov
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What was the mistake of choosing tyler as v.p?
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harrison died so Tyler took over and he was a democrat so he ran gov. in a democrat way
