question

1. How did the spread of the automobile transform the United States?

answer

Impact on the economy: The manufacture of automobiles became the largest industry in the nation and brought into existence a host of supporting businesses, including filling stations and motels. Impact on workers: Ford's success depended in significant part on the refinement of assembly lines. This approach to manufacture facilitated much greater efficiency in American industry, but demanded fewer skills and made work more monotonous. Impact on geography: The automobile influenced the distribution of population within the nation, giving rise to highways, expansion of suburbs, and so on.

question

Why did the relationship between urban and rural America deteriorate in the 1920s?

answer

Uneven distribution of 1920s abundance: Rural America did not share equally in the wealth, technology, or cultural innovations characteristic of the urban United States of the 1920s. Population shift: By 1920, the concentration of American population had shifted from the country to the cities, reinforcing cities' political and cultural dominance. Rural America and anti-immigrant sentiment: Rural America imagined itself as more racially and morally pure than the cities, which they identified with immigrants. This sentiment contributed to rural America's support of immigration restrictions, particularly of immigrants deemed racially or culturally undesirable. These concerns contributed to the appeal of the revived Ku Klux Klan in rural America. Cultural disputes: The Klan also built on rural Americans' perception that the nation's cities were decadent and immoral. The gulf between urban and rural values was on national display in the Scopes trial, which pitted the rural fundamentalists against largely urban secularists.

question

Why did the American economy collapse in 1929?

answer

Trade and foreign economies: The United States exacerbated European economic woes following World War I by insisting on the repayment of wartime debts. In order to enable foreigners to buy the flood of American goods being produced despite such debt, American banks extended credit to foreigners, compounding their economic liabilities. Domestic economic problems: Uneven distribution of wealth in the United States left a majority of Americans living on relatively small incomes, sharply curtailing their ability to participate in the new levels of consumption needed to keep pace with American industries' production capacity. The new practice of buying on credit helped shore up the problem for a time, but it created unsustainable levels of personal debt. Market speculation: The booming economy had drawn many Americans into stock market speculation, including buying stocks on margin. Overvalued stock and underfinanced purchases led to a stock market crash in October 1929. The crash gave the severe economic problems of the American economy free expression.

question

What characterized the period Secretary of Commerce Herbert Hoover described as a New Era in 1920?

answer

A freewheeling economy and a heightened sense of individualism

question

In its effort to create prosperity at home, what did the Harding administration support?

answer

High tariffs to protect American businesses

question

What was the goal of the Washington Disarmament Conference?

answer

Establishing a balance of naval power among Britain, France, Japan and Italy

question

What was the purpose of the Dawes Plan, which was instituted in 1924?

answer

The plan cut Germany's annual reparations payments in half and initiated fresh American loans to Germany.

question

Which industry formed the keystone of the American economy in the 1920s?

answer

the automobile industry

question

What was the outcome of the shift toward repetitive assembly-line work and specialized management divisions in the 1920s?

answer

a tremendous increase in business productivity and overall efficiency

question

Which relatively new industry in the 1920s linked the possession of material goods to the fulfillment of spiritual and emotional needs?

answer

advertising

question

Which element of the American economy during the 1920s lay at the heart of its fundamental lack of stability?

answer

consumption

question

What was Detroit's second largest industry during the 1920s?

answer

Illegal alcohol sales

question

Federal authorities sent Al Capone to prison on what charge?

answer

Income tax evasion

question

Describe the Sheppard-Towner Act of 1921, which gave federal assistance to states seeking to reduce high infant mortality rates?

answer

It was the high point of women's political influence in the 1920s

question

What factor diluted the influence of women in politics in the 1920s?

answer

the lack of unity around the issues, which diminished women voter's impact

question

During the 1920s, most American women who worked were employed in what area?

answer

Office and sales jobs

question

What women were affected by the image of the new woman in American society in the 1920s?

answer

it was felt by all women, even those who believed in traditional gender roles

question

Marcus Garvey's Universal Negro Improvement Association urged black Americans in the 1920s to ___________________________________.

answer

Rediscover their African heritage and take pride in their own culture and achievements

question

Who wrote the 1937 novel Their Eyes Were Watching God, an example of Harlem Renaissance literature?

answer

Zora Neale Hurston

question

What was one result of the loosening of the traditional bonds of community, religion, and family in the United States in the 1920s?

answer

the emergence of youth as a distinct social class with their own cultures

question

For which group of Americans did authors Ernest Hemingway, F. Scott Fitzgerald, William Faulkner, and Sinclair Lewis speak?

answer

Critics of American anti-intellectualism and materialism

question

. During the 1920s, how did rural Americans perceive cities?

answer

As the sources of vices, religious threats, and other assaults on traditional values

question

What was the purpose of the immigration laws of the 1920s, including the Johnson-Reed Act?

answer

Place strict limits on immigration

question

What did the outcome of the Sacco and Vanzetti trial suggest about the United States in the 1920s?

answer

antiforeign hysteria was rampant in many areas of American life

question

What accounted for the reemergence of the Ku Klux Klan in the United States in 1915?

answer

The widespread belief that blacks, immigrants, radicals, feminists, Catholics, and Jews threatened traditional American values

question

What was the central issue addressed by the highly publicized Scopes trial of 1925?

answer

The legality of the teaching of Darwin's theory of evolution in Tennessee

question

What earned Herbert Hoover the nickname "the Great Humanitarian"?

answer

His managing efforts to feed civilian victims of the fighting during World War I

question

What characterized the U.S. economy when Herbert Hoover moved into the White House in 1929?

answer

There was a huge disparity in wealth between rich and poor

question

What was one of the first signs of economic distress in the United States in the mid-1920s?

answer

slowdown in new construction and in automobile sales

question

What did President Hoover do to offer a solution to the human problems of the depression in 1929?

answer

He instituted a voluntary recovery plan, protective tariffs, and some government intervention, including public works projects and small federal loans to states

question

What was the purpose of the President Hoover's Reconstruction Finance Corporation, created in 1932?

answer

Lend money to endangered American banks, insurance companies, and railroads

question

How did the Hoover administration respond to the World War I veterans who asked for the immediate payment of their pension or bonus?

answer

By ordering the U.S. army to forcibly evict them from their camp on the edge of Washington, D.C.

question

Which group sponsored a team of lawyers to defend the nine young black men in Scottsboro, Alabama, who were arrested on trumped-up rape charges in 1931?

answer

The Communist Party

question

Nickname for scandal in which Interior Secretary Albert Fall accepted $400,000 in bribes for leasing oil reserves on public land in Teapot Dome, Wyoming. It was part of a larger pattern of corruption that marred Warren G. Harding's presidency.

answer

Teapot Dome

question

Treaty that committed Britain, France, Japan, Italy and the United States to a proportional reduction of naval forces, producing the world's greatest success in disarmament up to that time. Republicans orchestrated its development at the 1921 Washington Disarmament Conference.

answer

Five-Power Naval Treaty of 1922

question

Industrial programs for workers that became popular in the 1920s. Some businesses improved safety and sanitation inside factories. They also instituted paid vacations and pension plans. This encouraged loyalty to companies rather than to independent labor unions.

answer

Welfare Capitalism

question

The ban on the manufacture and sale of alcohol that went into effect in January 1920 with the Eighteenth Amendment. Prohibition proved almost impossible to enforce. By the end of the 1920s, most Americans wished it to end, and it was finally repealed in 1933.

answer

Prohibition

question

Alternative image of womanhood that came into the American mainstream in the 1920s. The mass media frequently portrayed women who drank, smoked, and wore skimpy dresses. New women also challenged American convictions about separate spheres for women and men and the sexual double standard.

answer

New Woman

question

Term referring to African Americans who challenged American racial hierarchy through the arts. The New Negro emerged in New York City in the 1920s in what became known as the Harlem Renaissance, which produced dazzling literary, musical and artistic talent.

answer

New Negro

question

1924 law that severely restricted immigration in the United States to no more than 161,000 a year with quotas for each European nation. The racist restrictions were designed to staunch the flow of immigrants from southern and eastern Europe and Asia.

answer

Johnson-Reed Act

question

Secret society that first thwarted black freedom after the Civil War but was reborn in 1915 to fight against perceived threats posed by blacks, immigrants, radicals, feminists, Catholics and Jews. The new Klan spread well beyond the South in the 1920s.

answer

Ku Klux Klan

question

1925 trial of John Scopes, a biology teacher in Dayton, Tennessee, for violating his state's ban on teaching evolution. The trial created a nationwide media frenzy and came to be seen as a showdown between urban and rural values.

answer

Scopes Trial

question

Federal agency established by Herbert Hoover in 1932 to help American industry by lending government funds to endangered banks and corporations, which Hoover hoped would benefit people at the bottom through trickle-down economics. In practice, this provided little help to the poor.

answer

Reconstruction Finance Corporation (RFC)

question

World War I veterans who marched on Washington, D.C. in 1932 to lobby for immediate payment of the pension ("bonus") promised them in 1924. President Herbert Hoover believed the bonuses would bankrupt the government and sent the U.S. Army to evict the veterans from the city.

answer

Bonus Marchers

question

Nine African American youths were arrested for the alleged rape of two white women in Scottsboro, Alabama, in 1931. After an all-white jury sentenced the young men to death, the Communist Party took action that saved them from the electric chair.

answer

Scottsboro Boys

question

Why did Franklin D. Roosevelt win the 1932 election by such a large margin?

answer

Rejection of Hoover's response to the Great Depression: Hoover's inadequate response to the economic collapse and his unwillingness to give direct assistance to suffering Americans had undercut Americans' support for him. His decision to send General Douglas MacArthur to evict veterans demonstrating for their war bonuses in Washington, D.C., dismayed Americans, contributing to his defeat in the 1932 election. Roosevelt's record: As governor of New York, Roosevelt responded to the depression by extending assistance to citizens of his state through the Temporary Emergency Relief Administration (TERA), demonstrating awareness of the economic devastation and a willingness to act that helped him win the Democratic nomination and the presidency.

question

How did the New Dealers try to steer the nation toward recovery from the Great Depression?

answer

Economic measures: Roosevelt began by rescuing private banks through the Emergency Banking Act, creating the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, and conversing with the public to explain the new measures. The initiatives propped up the nation's private banking system. Roosevelt also encouraged legislation to regulate the stock market, leading to the creation of the Securities and Exchange Commission. Relief: Roosevelt's administration acted on the belief that the scale of the economic disaster necessitated a radical expansion of federal relief. The passage of the Federal Emergency Relief Administration reflected these ideas, providing jobs and assistance for unemployed Americans. Agricultural initiatives: Using the Agricultural Adjustment Act, New Dealers paid farmers not to grow some crops in order to cut agricultural production and raise crop prices. The Commodity Credit Corporation created government storehouses for farmers' crops, provided loans that made the federal government a major consumer of agricultural goods, and reduced farmers' vulnerability to low prices. Industrial initiatives: The National Industrial Recovery Act, a government-sponsored form of industrial self-government through the National Recovery Administration, encouraged industrialists to adopt codes that defined fair working conditions, set prices, and minimized competition for the promotion of general economic welfare. In reality, the NRA was a peace offering to business leaders, conveying the message that the New Deal did not intend to attack profits or private enterprise.

question

What was Franklin Roosevelt's political experience before he won the presidential election of 1932?

answer

He had served as President Wilson's assistant secretary of navy and as governor of New York

question

In order to win the presidential election in 1932, what did Franklin Delano Roosevelt have to do?

answer

Unite Democrats from the Northeast, South and West

question

What was the name of President Roosevelt's signature program?

answer

The New Deal

question

What was the unifying basis of the New Deal coalition?

answer

Members expressed faith that government could change things for the better

question

To what was President Roosevelt referring when he said, "the only thing we have to fear is fear itself"?

answer

the terror caused by the depression

question

What was the three-part goal of Roosevelt's New Deal?

answer

Relief, recovery and reform

question

Which woman became the New Deal's unofficial ambassador in 1933?

answer

Eleanor Roosevelt

question

What belief lay at the foundation of Roosevelt's New Deal?

answer

Capitalism held the solution to the nation's economic crisis

question

Describe the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation.

answer

It guaranteed bank customers that the federal government would reimburse them for deposits if their bank failed

question

What strategy did President Roosevelt use to restore America's confidence in government and the private banking system?

answer

Roosevelt broadcast his reassuring fireside chats on the radio.

question

What was the name of the agency President Roosevelt established in 1933 to provide direct relief to more than four million households?

answer

Federal Emergency Relief Association (FERA)

question

What was the purpose of the Franklin Roosevelt's Civilian Conservation Corps?

answer

To give young men government jobs conserving natural resources

question

What was the purpose of the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) program that began in 1933?

answer

The TVA helped supply jobs and power to impoverished rural communities.

question

How did the New Deal make significant improvements in the quality of life in rural America?

answer

By providing electricity to rural communities through the Rural Electrification Administration

question

Why didn't southern tenant farmers benefit from the programs developed by the Agricultural Adjustment Act, the Commodity Credit Corporation, and the Farm Credit Act?

answer

The program benefitted large farmers rather than tenant farmers who rented land

question

Where did migrant workers seeking to escape the chronic drought of the Dust Bowl typically look for work in the 1930s?

answer

California

question

On what grounds did Upton Sinclair challenge Roosevelt and the New Deal?

answer

He believed that the new Deal was the handmaiden of business elites

question

Who championed the "Share Our Wealth" plan of income distribution?

answer

Huey Long

question

Which New Deal agency employed artists, musicians, actors, journalists, academics, poets, and novelists?

answer

Works Progress Administration

question

What was the purpose of the National Labor Relations Act, or Wagner Act, when it was enacted in 1934?

answer

To create the National Labor Relations Board and guarantee workers the right to organize

question

How did the framers of Social Security agree to fund the program?

answer

With tax contributions from workers and employers

question

On what criteria were benefits provided through Social Security?

answer

Benefits were based on workers' contributions and years of work

question

Why did Roosevelt fail to push for more ambitious reforms for black Americans?

answer

He could not afford to lose the support of southern Democrats for his New Deal agenda

question

Describe the experiences of Mexican Americans during the 1930s.

answer

thousands of Mexican Americans were deported, many with their American-born children

question

What was the outcome of the 1934 Indian Reorganization Act on Native Americans?

answer

It restored Indians' right to own land communally and have greater control over their own affairs

question

What was President Roosevelt's plan to remove judicial obstacles to the New Deal reforms in his second term of office commonly called?

answer

It was popularly known as court packing

question

What was the outcome of President Roosevelt's fiscal decisions in 1937?

answer

The country suffered a recession

question

In his book The General Theory of Employment, Interest, and Money, what did John Maynard Keynes argue?

answer

Government intervention is needed in bad economic times to pump enough money into the economy to revive production and increase consumption

question

What was the goal of the New Deal's Farm Security Administration, created in 1937?

answer

To help tenant farmers become independent landowners

question

Describe the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938.

answer

It set standards for wages and hours

question

Political coalition that supported Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal and the Democratic Party, including farmers, factory workers, immigrants, city folk, women, African Americans, and progressive intellectuals. The coalition dominated American politics during and long after Roosevelt's presidency.

answer

New Deal Coalition:

question

New Dealer's belief that the root cause of the country's economic paralysis was that factories and farms produced more than they could sell, causing factories to lay off workers and farmers to lose money. The only way to increase consumption, they believed, was to provide jobs that put wages in consumer's pockets.

answer

Underconsumption:

question

Regulatory body established by the Glass-Steagall Banking Act that guaranteed the federal government would reimburse bank depositors if their banks failed. This key feature of the New Deal restored depositor's confidence in the banking system during the Great Depression.

answer

Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC):

question

Series of informal radio addresses Franklin Roosevelt made to the nation in which he explained new Deal initiatives. The chats helped bolster Roosevelt's popularity and secured popular support for his reforms.

answer

Fireside Chats:

question

Federal relief program established in March 1933 that provided assistance in the form of jobs to millions of unemployed young men and a handful of women. CCC workers worked on conservation projects throughout the nation.

answer

Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC):

question

New Deal legislation passed in May 1933 aimed at cutting agricultural production and raising crop prices and, consequently farmers' income. Through the "domestic allotment plan," the AA A paid farmers to not grow crops.

answer

Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA):

question

Federal agency established in June 1933 to promote industrial recovery. It encouraged industrialists to voluntarily adopt codes that defined fair working conditions, set prices, and minimized competition. In practice, large corporations developed codes that served primarily their own interests rather than those of workers of the economy.

answer

National Recovery Administration (NRA):

question

Federal New Deal program established in 1935 that provided government-funded public works jobs to millions of unemployed Americans during the Great Depression, in areas ranging from construction to the arts.

answer

Works Progress Administration (WPA):

question

1935 law that guaranteed industrial workers the right to organize into unions; also known as the National Labor Relations Act. Following passage of the act, union membership skyrocketed to 30 percent of the workforce, the highest in American history.

answer

Wagner Act:

question

Coalition (later called Congress of Industrial Organizations) of mostly unskilled workers formed in 1935 that mobilized massive union organizing drives in major industries. By 1941, through the CIO-affiliated United Auto Workers, organizers had overcome violent resistance to unionize the entire automobile industry.

answer

Committee for Industrial Organization (CIO):

question

A New Deal program created in August 1935 that was designed to provide a modest income for elderly people. The act also created unemployment insurance with modest benefits. Social Security provoked sharp opposition from conservatives and the wealthy.

answer

Social Security:

question

Law proposed by Franklin Roosevelt to add one new Supreme Court justice for each existing judge who was over the age of seventy. Roosevelt wanted to pack the Court with up to six New Dealers who could protect New Deal legislation, but the Senate defeated the bill in 1937.

answer

Court-packing Plan:

question

How did Roosevelt attempt to balance American isolationism with the increasingly ominous international scene of the late 1930s? (pp. 908-912)

answer

• Trade measures: Alarmed by Nazi aggression in Europe but bound by neutrality acts and popular sentiment, Roosevelt urged Congress to repeal the arms embargo to enable France and Britain to purchase arms from the United States. He succeeded and the allies were able to acquire weapons on a cash-and carry basis. The Lend-Lease Act strengthened the repeals by allowing Britain to obtain weapons and pay for them at the conclusion of the war. (pp. 911-912) • Anglo-American alliance: In August 1941 Churchill and Roosevelt strengthened their alliance through the Atlantic Charter. Along with the pledge of shared commitment to freedom of the seas, Roosevelt promised to continue to supply Great Britain with arms and to look for an opportunity to enter the war with popular support. (p. 912)

question

How did the Roosevelt administration steer the mobilization of human and industrial resources necessary for a two-front war? (pp. 914-921)

answer

• Selective Service Act: The act established draft boards, which registered over 30 million men subject to the draft, making it easy to quickly induct them into the armed forces when war came. (p. 918) • Converting the economy: Roosevelt recruited business leaders to the War Production Board, which helped direct the conversion and push production. The government also issued enormous contracts that guaranteed profits to corporations filling them. (pp. 918-921)

question

Why did Truman elect to use the atomic bomb against Japan? (pp. 935, 939-942)

answer

Costs of victory: Although the United States and its allies had made decisive gains in the Pacific, the victories came at enormous costs. U.S. military advisers estimated that 250,000 Americans would die in an assault on the Japanese homeland. (pp. 935, 939-942) • Truman's willingness: Although some scientists and officials were troubled about using a bomb with such devastating destructive capacities, Truman's primary concern was how to end the war as quickly as possible with as few additional American casualties as possible. He determined that dropping the atomic bomb would accomplish his goals. (pp. 940-941)

question

Which nation, in an effort to increase its global power, invaded the northern Chinese province of Manchuria in 1931?

answer

Japan

question

Why did Roosevelt fail to support the League of Nations' attempts to keep the peace by condemning Japanese and German aggression?

answer

He feared jeopardizing isolationists' support for New Deal measures.

question

What made it possible for dictators to gain and maintain power in Nicaragua and Cuba after implementation of the good neighbor policy?

answer

They had private support from U.S. businessmen and tacit support from the Roosevelt administration

question

What was the objective of the Neutrality Act of 1937?

answer

To prevent increasing American involvement in European affairs

question

How did the U.S. government respond to the Spanish Civil War?

answer

It offered no help to the Loyalists, despite sympathy for their cause.

question

Who offered Adolf Hitler terms of appeasement in hopes of getting the German dictator to leave Czechoslovakia alone?

answer

Neville Chamberlain

question

What event sparked the beginning of World War II?

answer

Germany's invasion of Poland in 1939

question

What was the significance of the Battle of Britain in 1940?

answer

The British victory handed Hitler his first major defeat

question

What was the purpose of the Lend-Lease Act of 1941?

answer

To make arms, munitions and other supplies available to Britain

question

In the Tripartite Pact of 1940, what did Germany, Italy, and Japan agree to do?

answer

To form a defensive alliance among imperial powers

question

The attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, was part of the Japanese plan to do what?

answer

to knock out a significant portion of American naval bases in the Pacific

question

What was the immediate consequence of the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941?

answer

Congress endorsed President Roosevelt's call for a declaration of war

question

Why did President Roosevelt authorize the roundup and internment of all Americans of Japanese descent in 1942?

answer

A large number of people believed that Japanese Americans were potential sources of espionage and subversion

question

Which group was forced to train in segregated camps, live in segregated barracks, and serve in segregated units during World War II?

answer

African Americans

question

How did American labor unions respond to the production demands of World War II?

answer

Labor unions granted the government's request that they pledged not to strike

question

What happened in the naval battle at Coral Sea in May 1942?

answer

The American fleet and warplanes defeated a Japanese armada.

question

What did the Battle of Midway signal to the American military?

answer

Japanese domination of the Pacific was weakening

question

What technological development ultimately led Hitler to withdraw the infamous U-boats from the North Atlantic?

answer

Radar detector

question

What was the significance of the U.S and British landing in Sicily in July 1943?

answer

The landing marked the end of Mussolini's fascism

question

How did women who remained at home contribute to the American war effort?

answer

They planted Victory Gardens of homegrown vegetables

question

The Double V campaign called for both victory in the war and victory for ____________________________.

answer

African Americans fighting racial prejudice at home

question

How did President Roosevelt respond to A. Philip Randolph's plans to organize a march of 100,000 on Washington, D.C., in 1941?

answer

He authorized the Committee on Fair Employment Practices

question

Why did the United States fail to act on reports of Hitler's genocidal atrocities?

answer

The American public and its officials believed the reports were exaggerated

question

The Allied assault against the German army on the beaches of Normandy on June 6, 1944, is commonly known as ________________________.

answer

D Day

question

As the Allies closed in on him in December 1944, Hitler ordered a desperate counterattack through Belgium known as _______________________________________.

answer

The Battle of the Bulge

question

Who succeeded President Roosevelt in the White House after his death on April 12, 1945?

answer

Harry Truman

question

How did American casualties in Europe in World War II compare to Soviet casualties?

answer

The United States had about 136,000 casualties and the USSR had 9 million

question

What was demonstrated during the six-month battle to force the withdrawal of Japanese forces from Guadalcanal in February 1943?

answer

It would be extremely costly and difficult to defeat Japan

question

Why was the capture of Okinawa in 1944 especially crucial to Allied forces?

answer

They planned to make it the launching site for an attack on the Japanese mainland

question

Why did the United States drop a second atomic bomb on the city of Nagasaki only three days after the attack on Hiroshima?

answer

Because the first bomb did not lead to a Japanese surrender to the United States

question

Foreign policy announced by Franklin Roosevelt in 1933 that promised the United States would not interfere in the internal or external affairs of another country, thereby ending U.S. military interventions in Latin America.

answer

Good Neighbor Policy:

question

legislation passed in 1935 and 1937 that sought to avoid entanglement in foreign wars while protecting trade. It prohibited selling arms to nations at war and required nations to pay cash for nonmilitary goods and to transport them in their own ships.

answer

Neutrality Acts:

question

British strategy aimed at avoiding a war with Germany in the late 1930s by not objecting to Hitler's policy of territorial expansion.

answer

Appeasement:

question

Legislation in 1941 that enabled Britain to obtain arms from the United States without cash but with the promise to reimburse the United States when the war ended. The act reflected Roosevelt's desire to assist the British in any way possible, short of war.

answer

Lend-Lease Act:

question

Makeshift prison camps, to which Americans of Japanese descent were sent as a result of Roosevelt's Executive Order 9066, issued in February 1942. In 1944, the Supreme Court upheld this blatant violation of constitutional rights as a "military necessity."

answer

Internment Camps:

question

Law enacted in 1940 requiring all men who would be eligible for a military draft to register in preparation for the possibility of a future conflict. The act also prohibited discrimination based on "race or color."

answer

Selective Service Act:

question

June 3-6, 1942, naval battle in the Central Pacific in which American forces surprised and defeated the Japanese who had been massing an invasion force aimed at Midway Island. The battle put the Japanese at a disadvantage for the rest of the war.

answer

Battle of Midway:

question

World War II campaign in America to attack racism at home and abroad. The campaign pushed the federal government to require defense contractors to integrate their workforces. In response, Franklin Roosevelt authorized a committee to investigate and prevent racial discrimination in employment.

answer

Double V Campaign:

question

Legislation passed in 1944 authorizing the government to provide World War II veterans with funds for education, housing, and health care, as well as loans to start businesses and buy homes.

answer

GI Bill of Rights:

question

German effort during World War Ii to murder Europe's Jews, along with other groups the Nazis deemed "undesirable." Despite reports of the ongoing genocide, the Allies did almost nothing to interfere. In all, some 11 million people were killed in the Holocaust, most of them Jews.

answer

Holocaust:

question

June 6, 1944, the date of the Allied invasion of northern France. D Day was the largest amphibious assault in world history. The invasion opened a second front against the Germans and moved the Allies closer to victory in Europe.

answer

D Day:

question

Top-secret project authorized by Franklin Roosevelt in 1942 to develop an atomic bomb ahead of the Germans. The thousands of Americans who worked on the project at Los Alamos, New Mexico, succeeded in producing a successful atomic bomb by July 1945.

answer

Manhattan Project:

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