Great Depression Answers – Flashcards
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What does AAA stand for
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Agricultural Adjustment Act
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What was AAA for?
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Puts limits on 7 food's production amount
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What did Glass-Steagal Act do?
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Created FDIC
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What does Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation do?
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guaranteed bank deposits were stable even if bank collapses
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What was Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)
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Experiment in regional planning to give electricity to rural areas to build dams and generate electricity
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What did the National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA) do?
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Called on businesses to accept minimum wage and maximum workweek
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Why didn't the NIRA work out?
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Companies who helped write it made it suit them
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What replaced the NIRA?
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Wagner act
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Which Act did the Supreme Court invalidate?
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NIRA
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Why did the Supreme Court invalidate NIRA
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It was allowed to regulate interstate commerce and the Pres. doesn't have the power to create such an act
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What does the Federal Emergency Relief Act/Administration (FERA) do?
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Establishes Civil Works Administration (CWA)- puts adults to work on temporary public works projects
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What is the child equivalent to CWA?
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CCC
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What does the Securities and Exchange Act (SEA) do?
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Regulating the stock market requiring corporations who were issuing new stocks to provide full and accurate information about the stocks to the public
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Which year did the stock prices rise?
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1928
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When was Black Tuesday?
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October 29 1929
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What happened on Black Tuesday?
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The stock market crashed
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What were the factors for the Depression? (reason 1)
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1. Lack of diversity in economy
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What were the factors for the Depression? (reason 2)
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Maldistribution of wealth
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What were the factors for the Depression? (reason 3)
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Credit structure of economy
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What were the factors for the Depression? (reason 4)
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Declining exports
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What were the factors for the Depression? (reason 5)
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International debt structure
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What happens to banks right after the market crashes?
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Banks close because people withdraw all their money & deflation
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What was the national market in 1929?
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$104 bill
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What percentage does farm income decrease by?
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60%
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What is the Dust Bowl?
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Environmental disaster - drought
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Where was the Dust Bowl?
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Texas to Dakotas
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Who were the "Oakies?"
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Farmers who left in search of work
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How many Blacks were unemployed by 1932?
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50%
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When was the Scottsboro case?
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March 1931
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Which state jury convinced the Scottsboro?
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Alabama
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How many Mexican Americans were in the US?
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2 mill.
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How many Mexicans left America by the end of the Depression?
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1/2 million
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What job were Asian Americans forced into?
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Fruit stands
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How many more women worked after the Depression?
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20%
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What happened to the divorce rates during the Depression?
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They went down
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Did social values change during the Depression?
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Not really
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Who employed photographers to expose the level of poverty caused by the Depression?
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Farm Security Admin.
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Who was the movie director who's movies had muted social themes?
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Frank Capra
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When was Life magazine first sold?
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1936
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Which party championed the Popular Front?
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Communists
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What was the Popular Front?
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A broad coalition of "antiracist" groups of lefties
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How many American soldiers went to fight the Spanish Civil War?
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3000
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What did the American soldiers in the Spanish Civil War call themselves?
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Abraham Lincoln Brigade
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What measures did Hoover take to try and restore faith in the US economy?
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Summoned business leaders and convince them to stop firing workers and raising prices
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How much money did Hoover appropriate for gov. spending?
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$423 mill. but it was not enough
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What was the Hawley Smoot Tariff?
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????
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What were shantytowns called?
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Hoovervilles
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What was established in Jan 1932?
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Reconstruction Finance Corp.
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What did the RFC do?
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It loaned money to banks, RRs, ect.
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Why did the RFC fail?
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Didn't spend budget
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Who was elected President in the 1932 election?
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F.D.Roosevelt
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What year was the Emergency Baking Act?
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1933
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What did the Emergency Banking Act accomplish?
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FDR closed all the banks for 4 days and had the treasury dept. give money to banks to keep them from closing.
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Who did the Emergency Banking Act protect?
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Big banks from being dragged down by small ones
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What year was the Emergency Banking Act enacted?
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1933
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What else did the Emergency Banking Act do?
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It made all banks go through a screening process
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What did the Economy Act do?
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Balance budget by cutting government pension
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When was the Prohibition repealed?
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1933
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What amendment applied to the Prohibition?
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21st Amend.
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What did the Civilian Conservation Corps. do?
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Young men were given jobs working in nature - building trails, cleaning...
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What did the Agricultural Adjustment Act do?
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The government paid farmers to grow less crops to avoid over production and as a result the prices rose
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When was the Agricultural Adjustment Act enacted?
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1933
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What did the Supreme Court say about the Agricultural Adjustment Act?
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It was ruled as unconstitutional
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What was the Tennessee Valley Act?
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It was an experiment in regional planning which allowed the gov. to provide cheap utilities to rural farmers?
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When was the Tennessee Valley Act introduced?
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1933
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Where was the Tennessee Valley Act successful?
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Alabama
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What did the National Industrial Recovery Act do?
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It established the NRA
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What was the NRA?
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National Recovery Administration
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Who lead the NRA?
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Hugh Johnson
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What did the NRA do?
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Established minimum wage, maximum work week of 35 - 40 hours, floor for prices, union's rights in bargaining, created the PWA
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What was the PWA?
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An early form of Public Works Projects that failed because of lack of funds.
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When was the Glass Steagal Act?
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1933
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What was the Glass-Steagal Act also called?
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The Banking Act
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What did the Glass Steagal Act do?
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Created the FDIC which protected the assets of investors by having the gov. back all deposits up to $2500
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What did the Federal Emergency Relief Act do?
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Established the Federal Emergency Relief Act/Administration established the CWA which gave adults temporary jobs
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How many people did the CWA employ?
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4 mill.
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When was FERA started?
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1933
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Who lead the FERA?
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Harry Hopkins
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What else did he lead?
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WPA - Works Projects Admin.
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What was the Homeowners Refinancing Act?
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The gov. helped people pay their mortgages.
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What was the the Homeowners Refinancing Act based off of?
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The Fraisure-Lemke Farm Bankruptcy Act which helped farmers pay for their farms
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What was the Federal Securities Act?
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It forced stock company transparency to protect investors.
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What was Indian Reorganization Act?
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Restored the rights of tribes to own land collectively
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What year was the Reorganization Act?
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1934
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What was the WPA?
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Work Progress Administration
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What year was the WPA established?
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1935
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When was the Second New Deal launched?
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1935
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What was the similar program to the WPA?
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CWA but the WPA had a bigger budget and was therefore more effective. Also more options for jobs.
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What was the National Youth Admin.?
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Like CCC but co-ed. Gave scholarship money.
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What did the Social Security Act do?
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Elderly assistance, unemployment, and single parent/disabilities
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When was the Social Security Act released?
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1935
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What was the precursor for Social Security?
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The Townsend Plan that was never passed.
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What was the Wagner Act?
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After the Supreme court got rid of the NIRA, the Wagner created a National Relations Board which gave the gov. power to force co's to accept unions
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When was the Wagner Act introduced?
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1935
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What was The Public Utilities Holding Company Act?
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An act to break the monopolies of utility companies
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What did The Resettlement Admin. do?
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It helped farmers move to fertile soil.
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What did the Rural Electrification Admin do?
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It made utilities available to farmers and rural tenants.
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What did the Revenue Act do?
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It was raising of taxes on the rich.
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What was the Soil Conservation and Domestic Allotment Act's purpose?
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When the Supreme Court struck down the AAA the government used this as an excuse to pay off farmers to not sell all their crops.
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What was the Farm Security Admin.?
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Helped farmers relocate
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What was The Fair Labor Standards Act?
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Established a national minimum wage, a 40 hour workweek, and strict child labor laws.
